Every major call to crusade gave rise to pogroms against Jews. According to Augustine … “ ...Judaism, since Christ, is a corruption; indeed, Judas is the image of the Jewish people: their understanding of Scripture is carnal; they bear the guilt for the death of the Savior, for through their fathers they have killed Christ...” The Crusades by Jonathan Smith  ". .. they had also turned to scholars for justification of Christian violence and Gregory Vll had found in Anselm of Lucca, a partisan who, through a careful reading of the Fathers, above all Augustine of Hippo, would build a convincing case for Christian violence as something that could be commanded by God, was at the command of the Church and would, when properly used, be an expression of Christian love... ”