-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1 On 11/22/2015 12:44 PM, Anton Nesterov wrote: [... ]
Well currently Russia has many problems with transparent spending. Even if tenders are public, it's still problematic to cancel clearly corrupt tenders. They often build it in such way that only one affiliated company can participate, like "company should had at least N workers, with N workers with Z certificates" and so on.
That's the way both military and commercial contracting usually works in the U.S. as well: The vendor makes a deal with the purchasing agent, x units for y dollars, informally and off the record. Then the purchasing agent revises the specification so that only the vendor in question can qualify. The competitive bidding process then proceeds normally, on the record, and as far as the audit trail is concerned it's all perfectly legal. The kickbacks are laundered in various ways; the most popular method for military purchasing agents is for the vendors to hire them as consultants when they leave the service, with extraordinary pay and bonuses for little to no work performed. Lots of other scams are also used, but the system described above is probably the most widely used. :o) -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1 iQIcBAEBAgAGBQJWUjDlAAoJEDZ0Gg87KR0LrkAP/14FfyKSrnoFIlpHo2LT1A9n AgzoXJBYeXE8Zu5/j1sGOuyVWZyHymdQxIz17m+C3njEuF8ZX+iznzwXk4PTfn/q Lt+TFk7rgRkTLLOaJ7PkTTqCb+33ndnWCWGmBONGqQEj/s9Q5+qABJbpdC1HdVXX BgRZ9N+Hx7ldzF3/gPD7BP6MXTKC1LnnUqmPrGz91WH8OG1qPbS9KRy/tII+zt5P nEqMnk+tUjzhocyXQRbT+MTrd5Z3i9dK7F5fpVgsbxUZzKAN3sNM2GCbw0H89cmj KGeyCPKcPRTPoH2Y2nDxPfN2TlSfX1uTWDXta7/rBWG7HOzH84hJbJR5VI4iTiUr mBNzHxHLlskXpzd9Sp3TffTX5BYcwk6R4iKzSmBeuRDvM5ueGQmzEIOBlcq0243o xAXFjs1lfMrFVgDdjemk6IIEKOWyWNzq7MJWzcDVyZGoSDl0SdUhLz4uazlmdKsM oW4vdk0pmvaoiZ/XzqFups4r1EBXlnast+mHG7dQ9ssCQGPaTch5l0EsOFOsTyWD Sr8skecyIVSN8ULBd/vasVujRG+un8jJ0YNEudnwJO1+7YQDdz7DLleeYc5dP6XC LijHAHcDqAI5X9LKaFj5gEoZszbiCHbsSgpWdZtHO0c+JTv27gX+9tfG4SX5PLhg mjT9lV1TV8UbeYZIxUj8 =tlAl -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----