Crypto P2P Distributed Privacy Guerilla Nets Prediction Markets Dropgangs RF 3D-Printing and more... have obsoleted the Legacy, it's only a matter of time. Bruce Schneier, a member of the unenlightened legacy GovBankCorp self-preservists and centralized authority job-to-lose'rs, agrees, Molly White chimes in with the obligatory rape FUD, and 1600 people name themselves into future stardom... https://concerned.tech/ "Crypto Bosses Flex Political Muscle With 5,200% Surge in US Giving" - Bloomberg "Tech experts urge Washington to resist crypto industry's influence" - Financial Times "Crypto Has a New Foe in Washington: Techies" - Barron's "Tech experts urge Congress to resist crypto lobbying" - New York Times "Technologists draft an open letter to US lawmakers urging them to responsibly legislate crypto industry" - Web3 Is Going Great Letter in Support of Responsible Fintech Policy June 1, 2022 The Honorable Charles E. Schumer Majority Leader U.S. Senate Washington, DC 20510 The Honorable Mitch McConnell Minority Leader U.S. Senate Washington, DC 20510 The Honorable Nancy Pelosi Speaker U.S. House of Representatives Washington, D.C. 20510 The Honorable Kevin McCarthy Minority Leader U.S. House of Representatives Washington, D.C. 20510 The Honorable Debbie Stabenow Chairwoman Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry U.S. Senate Washington, D.C. 20510 The Honorable John Boozman Ranking Member Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry U.S. Senate Washington, D.C. 20510 The Honorable Sherrod Brown Chairman Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs U.S. Senate Washington, D.C. 20510 The Honorable Patrick J. Toomey Ranking Member Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs U.S. Senate Washington, D.C. 2051 The Honorable Ron Wyden Chairman Senate Committee on Finance U.S. Senate Washington, D.C. 20510 The Honorable Mike Crapo Ranking Member Senate Committee on Finance U.S. Senate Washington, D.C. 20510 The Honorable Maxine Waters Chairwoman House Financial Services Committee U.S. House of Representatives Washington, D.C. 20510 The Honorable Patrick McHenry Ranking Member House Financial Services Committee U.S. House of Representatives Washington, D.C. 20510 Dear U.S. Congressional Leadership, Committee Chairs and Ranking Members, We are 1500 computer scientists, software engineers, and technologists who have spent decades working in these fields producing innovative and effective products for a variety of applications in the fields of database technology, open-source software, cryptography, and financial technology applications. Today, we write to you urging you to take a critical, skeptical approach toward industry claims that crypto-assets (sometimes called cryptocurrencies, crypto tokens, or web3) are an innovative technology that is unreservedly good. We urge you to resist pressure from digital asset industry financiers, lobbyists, and boosters to create a regulatory safe haven for these risky, flawed, and unproven digital financial instruments and to instead take an approach that protects the public interest and ensures technology is deployed in genuine service to the needs of ordinary citizens. We strongly disagree with the narrative—peddled by those with a financial stake in the crypto-asset industry—that these technologies represent a positive financial innovation and are in any way suited to solving the financial problems facing ordinary Americans. Not all innovation is unqualifiedly good; not everything that we can build should be built. The history of technology is full of dead ends, false starts, and wrong turns. Append-only digital ledgers are not a new innovation. They have been known and used since 1980 for rather limited functions. As software engineers and technologists with deep expertise in our fields, we dispute the claims made in recent years about the novelty and potential of blockchain technology. Blockchain technology cannot, and will not, have transaction reversal or data privacy mechanisms because they are antithetical to its base design. Financial technologies that serve the public must always have mechanisms for fraud mitigation and allow a human-in-the-loop to reverse transactions; blockchain permits neither. By its very design, blockchain technology is poorly suited for just about every purpose currently touted as a present or potential source of public benefit. From its inception, this technology has been a solution in search of a problem and has now latched onto concepts such as financial inclusion and data transparency to justify its existence, despite far better solutions to these issues already in use. Despite more than thirteen years of development, it has severe limitations and design flaws that preclude almost all applications that deal with public customer data and regulated financial transactions and are not an improvement on existing non-blockchain solutions. Finally, blockchain technologies facilitate few, if any, real-economy uses. On the other hand, the underlying crypto-assets have been the vehicle for unsound and highly volatile speculative investment schemes that are being actively promoted to retail investors who may be unable to understand their nature and risk. Other significant externalities include threats to national security through money laundering and ransomware attacks, financial stability risks from high price volatility, speculation and susceptibility to run risk, massive climate emissions from the proof-of-work technology utilized by some of the most widely traded crypto-assets, and investor risk from large scale scams and other criminal financial activity. We implore you to take a truly responsible approach to technological innovation and ensure that individuals in the US and elsewhere are not left vulnerable to predatory finance, fraud, and systemic economic risks in the name of technological potential which does not exist. The catastrophes and externalities related to blockchain technologies and crypto-asset investments are neither isolated nor are they growing pains of a nascent technology. They are the inevitable outcomes of a technology that is not built for purpose and will remain forever unsuitable as a foundation for large-scale economic activity. Given these vast externalities, together with the—at best still-ambiguous and at worst non-existent—uses of blockchain, we recommend that the Committee look beyond the hype and bluster of the crypto industry and understand not only its inherent flaws and extraordinary defects but also the litany of technological fallacies it is built upon. We need to act now to protect investors and the global financial marketplace from the severe risks posed by crypto-assets and must not be distracted by technical obfuscations which mask an abject lack of technological utility. We thank you for your leadership on financial technology and regulation and urge you to consider our objective and independent expert judgments to guide your legislative priorities, which we remain happy to discuss anytime. Lead Signatories Affiliations are provided for identification purposes only. This letter expresses the views of the individual signatories, and should not be taken to be an official position of the institutions. Sal Bayat Tim Bray Grady Booch ACM Fellow, IEEE Fellow, IBM Fellow Brennan Carley Proton Advisors Stephen Diehl David Gerard Jürgen Geuter Alan Graham OCL Geoffrey Huntley Miguel de Icaza Patrick McConnell Macquarie University Luke Plant Django Software Foundation Rufus Pollock Open Knowledge Foundation Matt Ranger Jorge Stolfi University of Campinas Steve Song Network Startup Resource Center Bruce Schneier Dave Troy 410 Labs Inc. Darren W. Tseng Štefan Urbánek Open Knowledge Foundation Nicholas Weaver International Computer Science Institute Adam Wespiser SimSpace Corporation Molly White Jamie Zawinski Netscape Developer Signatories Affiliations are provided for identification purposes only. This letter expresses the views of the individual signatories, and should not be taken to be an official position of the institutions. A David Worley Beyond20 A. E Currie Aaron Dobbe Aaron Goin Aaron Greenspan Think Computer Corporation Aaron Huslage Meedan Aaron Lehmann Aaron Sarazan Volley Aaron Toponce Abhay Rana Abhishek Jaiswal CRED Adam Bachman Adam Bouhmad Adam Cornell Adam David Burch Adam Duke Google Adam Eury Adam Fowler Adam Frisby Adam Hoffman Microsoft Adam Jacob Adam Kehoe Adam Kemp Apple Adam Orrick Fannie Mae Adam Parsons Adam Recvlohe SimSpace Adam Rice Ask Adam Adam Smith Adrian Taylor Adrián Barrera Agustin Novoa Ahmad Cheers Aidan Pieper Aidan Skinner AJ Schuster Akshat Mahajan Alan Stange Alan Stearns Alan Vezina Puget Sound Programming Python (PuPPY), PyCascades Alastair Smith Albertas Agejevas Alberto De Luca Alec Below Alec Bramham Alejandro Feldstein Alejandro Giacometti Alejandro Martínez Vieites Alejandro Piad-Morffis University of Havana Aleksei Badarin Alesandro Ortiz Alessandro Brambilla Alessandro Marrella Alessandro Stamatto Alessia Bellisario Alessio Basso Alex Baines Alessio Basso Alex Baines Alex Benn Google Alex Burka Alex Fallenstedt Alex Gu Massachusetts Institute of Technology Alex Hidalgo Alex Hong Google LLC Alex Johnston Alex Layne Results Driven Marketing Alex O’Byrne Alex Poulsen Alex Wiese Alexander Dickinson Alexander Hansen Alexander Hill Alexander Karan Alexander Ramos Alexander Turcic Alexander Wissmann GRAIL, LLC Alexis Richardson Alfons Haffmans Alfonso Adriasola CloudPassage Alfredo Méndez Tech Executive Alice Elizabeth Crawford Google, LLC Alison Buki Allen Goodman Meta Allen Humphreys Allen R. Belletti Almond Ears Alodia Rueda Alok Agrawal Ex techie (IIT, Berkeley, Oracle) Alper Isin Duran Alyssa Verkade Amanda Casari Amanda J. Carson Amanda Linn Amey Kulkarni Amit Guha University at Buffalo Amit Nayar Amy Jo Kim Game Thinking Corp Analia PCI DSS IP Anand Gupta Infi Uk Ltd Anand Ranganathan Andi Miller Andre Pratama Putra Andrea Slomp Andreas Beger Andreas Carlos Freund Columbia University Andreas Raster Andrei Maxim Andres Correa Casablanca NearForm Andrew Acomb Amazon Andrew Beyer Andrew C. Russell Andrew Coy Digital Harbor Foundation Andrew Fisher Google Andrew H. Randall Microsoft Andrew Hoefling FileOnQ Andrew Hurst Andrew Jesse Connell University of Pennsylvania Andrew Jones Andrew Larsson Andrew Male Andrew Manoske HashiCorp Andrew Mao Parsnip Andrew McRae Andrew Nickerson Andrew Phillips Andrew Ritter Andrew VanderVeen Andrew W. Buchanan Thoughtworks Andrew Warren Recidiviz Andrey Bolibrukh Andrey Lebedev André Knörig PCH Innovations André Mentler BROCKHAUS AG André Rocha JetBrains Andrés Blas Pujadas Andy Hertzfeld Angel Lomeli Angelo Di Paolo eBay Anna Lee Anshuman Kanetkar Tooring Analytics Anthony Adams Anthony F Worm Hofstadter Inc Anthony Maki Anthony Nedumgottil Vail Systems Anton Bakker Kadaster Anton Ekblad Anton Motylev Antonio Mendes Silva Antonio Terreno Aram Zucker-Scharff Arden Hawley Ari Bezman Ariadne Conill Alpine Linux core developer Arjun Madan Arnaud Limbourg Arnoud Zwemmer Aron Peterson Artemiy Utekhin Asad Ateeque Asbjørn Bjørnstad Asger Arentoft Ashley Alfred Thoms Hull Versent Ashley Joost Ashley Nelson Fastly, Inc. Ashwin Hariharan Egen Asim Ihsan Amazon.com Aswin Alexander Atallah Hezbor Audrey Randall Aur Saraf Aurélien Pelletier Austin Lowe Austin Orth Niche Austin Schaffer Everactive / Georgia Tech OMSCS Austin Webrr Austin Willis Dropbox Aymeric Augustin Qonto, Django Software Foundation Balaji Sivaraman Baris Ceylan Barrett W Nuzum Bart Heupers Bartlomiej Wronski Bartosz Chmiel Basile Starynkevitch CEA/LIST Beccy Kirk Ben Barg Ben Burnes US Bank Ben Crowder Ben Delarre Adobe Ben Giddings Ben Gummoe Policygenius Ben Jones Mirah Ben Morris Netflix Ben Perez Ben Ramsey Ben Sandofsky Lux Optics Ben Slinger Podchaser Ben Thompson Lattice Benjamin Brittain Benjamin Friedman Wilson TypeFox Benjamin Haube Benjamin Huston Google Cloud Benjamin Karas Benjamin Tisdall Mobimeo GmbH Bennett Mendis Accenture Federal Services Bernat Esquirol Bestiario Berrak Nil Boya Bert Bullough Ally Financial Bertrand Mollinier Toublet Berwyn Jamesson Bhargav Nookala Microsoft Bignet Pierrick Lonestone Bill Hofmann Bill ODonnell Bill Shirley Finastra Bill Weiss Bill Wert Bion Johnson Blain Smith Boabdil Perez Network to Code Bob Aman Bob Seeman CyberCurb Bobby Williams City Councilor, Keene, New Hampshire Bogdan Lica Box Borja Gómez Bouke Timbermont Netherlands Forensic Institute Brad Greenlee Brad Lhotsky Brad Tilley Bradley D Musolff Bram Geron Brandeis H. Marshall DataedX Group Brandon Blatter Brandon Downey Niantic, Inc. Brandon Johnson Brandon Mitchell Brandon Olin Brandon Segal Capital One Brandon West Datadog Brantly McCord Purdue Polytechnic Institute Braxton Ehle Brendan Humphreys Brendan J. McCollam Brendan O’Leary Brenden Niedermeyer Brenna Flood Brent Wheeldon Brett Davidson Ceros Inc. Brett G Porter Brian Markley University of Alberta Brian Castro OSK Brian D Klaas Brian Ferrell Waymo LLC Brian Flanagan Brian Hicks NoRedInk Brian Hogg Brian Jacobowski Brian Jenkins Brian Lane Brian Peiris Mozilla Brian Roberts Brian Suk Brian T. Rice Brian Wyss Brian Tajuddin Bridgette Reisinger Brittany Friedman Gearbox Software Bruce K Wells Bruce Sigmon Cisco (retired) Bruno Antunes Bruno Czekay Bruno Felix Bruno Panasiewicz Bruno Renié Exoscale Bryan Jones Microsoft Bryan Lau Columbia University Buck Lomas Bunny Hanlon C. Scott Ananian Wikimedia Foundation Caleb Hearth Test Double Calvin Beck University of Pennsylvania Calvin Metcalf Calvin Webster Cam Jackson Cameron Gilbert Cameron Huysmans Cameron Kilgore Cameron King UST-Global Cameron Momtaz Rai Technology Inc. Cameron Morgan Shopify Cara Mitchell PepsiCo Carl Malartre Carl Morris Carl-Gustaf Harroch Novoda Carlos Juan Martín Pérez gridshield.com / uees.edu.sv / recainsa.org Carlos Pero Carlos Villalba Carlos Villanueva Carsten Agger Magenta Aps, Free Software Foundation Europe Carter Allen Carter Peterson Cathal Mooney Chad Burt University of California Santa Barbara Chad Scherrer Informative Prior, LLC Chanci Dickson Chandos Etchison Oracle Charles E. Grant Charles Hollingsworth Charles King Shopify Charles Sprayberry Charles Young Charlotte Cabrera University of Oklahoma Chester Li Chip Locke Microsoft Chip Warden Cox Automotive Chris Cortez Forma Chris Dary Chris Earle Chris Feldmann Chris Gamble Chris Goold Ausmash / Frankenstories Chris Harrelson Google Chris Hennick Amazon Web Services Chris Hoffman Radius Networks Chris Jarmul Chris Kozak Chris Lauritzen Chris McClinch Chris Palmer Chris Reckinger Chris Riley Chris Thompson Portland Timbers and Thorns FC Chris Weigert Apple Chris Woytowitz Christian Bustamante Dell Christian Cmehil-Warn MIT Technology and Policy Program Christian Hoge Christian Hujer Nelkinda Software Craft Pvt Ltd Christian Kjær Larsen Logpoint Christina Tang Christopher Agocs Datadog Christopher Avila Christopher D. Parks CrowdStrike, Inc. Christopher Duerr Christopher Elion Christopher Ferris IBM Christopher Hogan Purestorage Christopher J. W. Lloyd Amazon.com, Inc. Christopher Lepkowski Pretty Big Monster Christopher Lynch Christopher Pitt Christopher Pittsley Alebra Technologies Incorporated Christopher Schmidt Christopher Shaffer Christopher Wittlinger Clemens Krack FundraisingBox Clemens Vasters Clinton Ingram .NET Foundation Clyde DeSouza Colin Douch Cloudflare Colin Edwards Recursive Penguin Colin Tress Collin Cusce Collin Henderson Collin McNulty Astronomer, Inc Connor Leech Connor Shea SonderMind Conor Doyle Corey Fisher Corin Hill Cory Sullivan Courtney Rosenthal Craig Fisher Salesforce Craig Kolb Craig McNamara Craig Neth Craig Peters GitHub Craig Tozzi Cristobal Duran Instabox AB Curt Micol Cyrille Dupuydauby Cyrus Hall D. Erik Goodman Dale Emmons Damian Lewis Team Netsol Damien Guard Dan Ernst Microsoft Dan Federman Dan FitzPatrick Dan Goodman Cerner Dan Greenblatt Dan Johnson Blizzard Entertainment Dan Kloke Synthetic Systems LLC Dan Nell Dan Starner Dana Liss Daniel Crosta Dropbox, Inc Daniel Fremont University of California, Santa Cruz Daniel Gartmann TEKCHAIN LTD Daniel Gordon Lockheed Martin Daniel Heitmann Daniel Marti Amazon Daniel Merritt Daniel Nazareth Daniel Neagaru DigeeX Daniel R. Warner Daniel Shayman InRule Technology Daniel Slater Daniel Stafford Dell Technologies Daniel Stamer Daniel Veihelmann Daniel Álvarez Danny Page Danël Franke PONC.tech Daren Chapin Darien Morales Darin Smith Cisco Systems Darlene Clyburn Darren Gasser Davanum Srinivas Dave Lambert Dave Neary Dave Raybould Leeds Beckett university Dave Townsend Mozilla David A. Ramos, Ph.D. David Balatero David Beazley David Benjamin David Bishop Apple David Brown David Bullock Web, Power and Light David Burkhardt David Chase David Cobb David Cornu Wealthsimple David Dunham David E. Wheeler The New York Times David G. Andersen Professor, Carnegie Mellon University David Golumbia Virginia Commonwealth University David H. Clements Google David Halperin athenahealth David Heard David J. Fiddes David Johnston ThoughtWorks David Jones David Katz David McNelis Proofpoint David McNett David Murphy David Pederson David Powell David Raleigh David S. H. Rosenthal David Stern David Trejo David Truan David Walker Eacho David Whitney David Winterbottom Octopus Energy David Worth Dax Raad Bumi Denis Brækhus Denis Defreyne Dennis Bailey Dennis Foley Dennis Hostetler Trevipay Dennis Schubert Deovrat Singh Adobe Derek Kraan Moose Code BV Derek Mansen Vistar Media Derek Pennycuff Devesh Parekh Netflix Devin Mullins Google Devon Deonarine Devon Yates Diana Fulger Droit Didier Raboud Dimitri Sophinos Dimitri Tcaciuc Dinis Correia Dino CHIESA Google Dion Bramley Dionna Glaze Google LLC Dirk-Jan Swagerman Domingo Flores Dominik D. Freydenberger Don McNeil Donal Hurley Mastercard Donald Ball Donnie Barnes Ocelot Wrangler, LLC Dorothea Salo Doug Rohrer Apple, Inc. Douglas Boldt Amazon Web Services Douglas Patriarche Douglas Smith Dr. Andres Guadamuz University of Sussex, UK Dr. Catherine Flick De Montfort University, Staffordshire University, ACM Committee on Professional Ethics Dr. Ian Brown Visiting professor, Fundaçao Getulio Vargas, Brazil Dr. Richard Clayton Cambridge Cybercrime Centre, University of Cambridge Dr. Robert F.D. Stansfield Dr. Dirk Husemann Dr. Jan Köhnlein Dr. Jens Oehlschlägel greeNsort Dr. Michael Vollmer University of Kent Drew Miller Drew Showalter Duane F. King Dustin Dean Morgan Oklahoma Office of Management and Enterprise Services Dustin Tran Dwayne Codrington GoDaddy Dylan Bannon Spotify Dylan Jones George Mason University Dylan Vassallo Dylan Vrana Green Hills Software Dylan Wolter Dzmitry Kharchykau Eckhart Richter Ed Sweeney Ed Zitron Eduard de Jong Edward Broyles Edwin van Raaij Eerke Boiten Effy Elden Thoughtworks Egil Kvaleberg Ekaterina Damer Eldar Marcussen Eldar Shamukhamedov Carta Eli Gundry Eli Strauss-Reis Stanford University Elias Andreassen Thøgersen Elijah Glover Elijah Wilson Noteable, Inc. Elliana May Ellie de Villiers Emerson Simbolon Emil Dragańczuk Emiliano De Cristofaro University College London Emiliano Sandri Emily Ellis Emma Brown air.inc Emma C.Humphries Bandcamp Emma Stamm, Ph.D. Villanova University Enrico Cofler Enrico Polanski Enrique Benítez Palma Er Galvão Abbott Erdem Yurdanur Eric Beard Eric J Walk Perficient, Inc. Eric Kelly Eric Lin Eric Lund Eric Mancini Eric Peterson Erik Hansen Erik Kirkegaard Rebellion Defense Erik LaBianca Erik Westenbroek Dematic Erika von Kampen Best Buy Eris Koleszar Giant Squid Ernie Miller Erwin Wessels Pleo Esther Lumsdon Esther Weidauer Ethan Glasser-Camp Eugene H. Spafford Purdue University Eugenio Tisselli ojoVoz Evan Colvin Evan Samanas Evgenii Kuznetcov F Justin Horton Fabian R Lischka Fabio Franchino Fabio A. Correa Fabio Manganiello Flexport, ex-Adyen, ex-Booking.com Fabián Mosso Fabrice Breton COWCAT Fagani Hajizada Faiz Mirza California State University, Los Angeles and Beyond Limits AI Felix Nolte Fernando Cosso Dassault Systemes Fernando Freire Filip Maj Salesforce Flaviu Tamas Foone Turing Frank Harland Franklin Yonkers François Paulhiac Fred Benenson Fred Grim Apple Inc. Friedrich Lindenberg OpenSanctions G. Malcolm Schreiber Money Design Co., Inc. Gabor Attila Sztupak Funding Circle Ltd. Gabriel Jacoby-Cooper Apple, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Gabriel Jones Gal Tsubery Gareth McCall Garrett Westhoven Garrick Villaume Physical Systems Inc Gavin Bisesi Gedalia Pasternak Gene Chuang CTO Slackers Geoff Miller Geoff Snowman Geoffrey Baehr Almaz Capital Geoffrey M. Arnold Georg Zoeller Meta George Polak Uber George V. Reilly George Weatherly George White Gerald Benischke Gerald Combs Gerald Hu Gerard Nunez Gerardo Lijs Gerd Kamp Gergely Orosz Giorgio Marinelli Giovanni Bassi Glen E P Ropella tempus dictum Glenn Hope Glyph Lefkowitz Goran Maksimovski Goran Nesic Graham Christensen Grant Forrest Grant Mcinnes Greg Beech Greg Knauss Greg Parker Greg Wogan-Browne Block (Afterpay) Gregor Bransky Layer 9 Solutions Gregor Petrin Gregory Terzian Gunnar Djurberg Djurberg Systemintegration AB Gurden Batra Gustavo Franco Gustavo Moura Gustavo Noronha Collabora Ltd. Guy Templeton Gwen Sigrid Lofman Rockstar Games Haldean Brown Pixar Animation Studios Hannah Pascal MBCS Google Hannes Moser Hariharan Iyer Haris Khan Harlan Haskins Harold Modesto Harrison Brown Antithesis Harsh Shandilya Hassan Khan TODAQ Hayden Bailey O3 World Hector Dearman Google Helmut Garstenauer Hendrik Stiwr Henry Chen Henry Schroy Furraylogic Herbert Van de Sompel Ghent University Howard Butler Hobu, Inc. Hyatt Bao Ian Bicking Meta Ian Denhardt Ian Hutchinson Ian McCown Blizzard Entertainment Ian McIntyre Ibrahim Cesar Ice Jovanoski Mister Spex SE Ignas Namajunas Igor Marta Ilya Margolin Imran Remtulla Ingomar Otter Valtech Mobility GmbH Iqbal Farabi Isaak Yansane Meta Platforms Itamar Afek Salesforce Itamar Priel Ontar-Run Ltd. Ivan Naranjo Google Inc. Ivo Gatzinski J Louis Pearson Trinity College Dublin J Paul Gibson J William Macaulay Cognixion J.P. Hutchins Open Energy View Jaap Boender Hensoldt Cyber GmbH Jack Danger Jack Heart Jack Kuperman Jacky Alcine Jacob Covington Jacob de Haan Jacob DiMare Jacob Gillespie Jake Teton-Landis Notion Labs, Inc Jakub Hampl Jakub Kozłowski Disney Streaming James Bowler GoFundMe James Burton James Cash James Cooper University of Waterloo (ON) James Dawson Brock Cross Compass Ltd., Tokyo James E. Harris, Jr James Gallagher James Gosling Java Developer James Holland James Hsiao Intuit Mailchimp James Igoe James King James LaPlaine James Meickle James Nicholas Turton DataDistillr James Ritts James Seppi Umbra James Socol Jamie Duncan Google Jamie Hamilton Jamie Hamilton Jamie Mutton Jan Kaiser Jan Schaumann Jani Evâkallio Janne Härkönen Reaktor Jannis Leidel Python Software Foundation Jansi Zwarts Jared Stock Thoughtworks Jarrad Connor Silicon Valley Insurance Accelerator Jason C Daniels Jason Carreira Jason E. Robinson Auspex Labs Inc. Jason Hoffmann Jason Kunesh Jason Martens Apple Jason Seo Samsung SDS Jason Smith Thoughtworks Jason Terk Dropbox Javier Guerra Jay Paroline Dropbox JB Steadman Jean Hominal Jeevjyot Chhabda Atlassian Jeff Craig Google Jeff Doctor Animikii Indigenous tech Jeff Eaton Autogram LLP Jeff Gunther Jeff Schulman Penn State University Jeff Siver Jeffrey M Hodges Color Health Jeffrey Pritchard Jeffrey Wieland Jeffrey Yasskin Google Chrome Jenine Turner-Trauring Jennifer Moore jenniferplusplus.com Jens Brueckner Jens Kristensen Jeremiah Miller Jeremy Abel Jeremy Bicha Jeremy Blackburn Binghamton University Jeremy Kun Google Jeremy Meiss CircleCI Jeremy Ong Amazon Jeremy Wall Jerry Lin Jesper Hauge Jesse Jafa Jesse O’Neill-Oine Founder: Refactr, SmartThings, One Tap Away Jesse Weinstein Jessica Collins Microsoft Jessica West Jessie Cain Jesus Bello Jez Humble Jim Bahls Jim Musana Joachim Mairböck RISC Software GmbH Joanna J. Bryson Hertie School, Centre for Digital Governance Joe Beda Joe Purdy Customer.io Joel Bernstein Joel Burton Rithm School Joel Levi Hernández Fernández Somus OÜ Joel Parish Joel Patel Joel Squire Bank of America Joel Woznicki Joerg Beekmann Joeseph Paul Smith John A. Kunze University of California John Alberse Garmin International John Barker John Baylor John Best Kent State University John Drinkwater John Duksta John Galvin John Gossman John H McNair University of Tennessee John Hofman The Walt Disney Corporation John Ketchpaw John Lund-Molfese John Mark Walker John Patrick Lindsey John S. Barton John SJ Anderson John Stiles Google John Sundman John Victor Kew II Tableau Software John Wiggins John Yeary Purdue University John-Anthony Geraci Thevos Octopus Energy Johnathon Root Rev.com, Inc. Jon Alper Jon Atkinson Giant Digital Jon Callas Jon Craton Anderson University Jon Frisby Thryve, LLC Jon Gill Jon Grov, PhD University of Oslo Jon Henshaw Coywolf Jon Latané Shift Jon Lipsky GitHub Jon Maltiel Swenson Meta Jon Sequeira Microsoft Jonas Alves A/B Smartly Jonas Eriksson Jonas Follesø Jonas Göke Jonas Schiffl Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Jonas Vautherin Jonathan Dowland Newcastle University Jonathan Fetter-Degges Jonathan G Harris, PHD, CFA Jonathan G. Pallant Jonathan Haddad Netflix Jonathan Hochman Hochman Consultants Jonathan Huie Jonathan King Jonathan Klaassen Jonathan Madden Dept Agency Jonathan Opacich Open Systems Yechnologies Jonathan Richards TD Bank Jonathan Stevens Hypixel Studios Jonathan W. Hendry Jonathon Klobucar Apple Inc Jordan Tigani Jorge Hernandez Encora Inc. Joscha Metze Josep Ruano-Bou Joseph Griego Igalia Joseph Holley Joseph Lamoree Joseph Marques Google Joseph Nichols Joseph Nuthalapati Thoughtworks Joseph R Miles Joseph Young Kuvio Creative Josh Anderson Josh Faust Josh Levinger Spacedog XYZ LLC Josh Schairbaum UiPath Josh Slocum Snowflake Josh Thomas Joshua Collins Joshua Gray Verint Joshua Hull Joséphine B. Altzman Goldman Sachs Joël Franusic Okta JP LeBreton Juan Moyano Juan Pablo Buriticá Juan Qin China Blockchain Research Institute Julia O'Toole Mycena Limited Julian Doherty Julian Finn Julian Kirsten Arni Julian Laubstein 9elements Julian Schrittwieser Google DeepMind Julian Wolf Julien Ellie Amazon Web Services Julio C. Ortega Justin Ashworth Justin B. Overfelt Justin Drew Justin Frank University of Maryland Justin Frankel Justin Garrison Justin Gilnan Justin Green Google Justin Mazzocchi Justin Ribeiro Justin Sheets Justin Yorke Jyrki Vesterinen Jérémy Rousseau Kai Chen Karl Parkinson Karoly Negyesi Kat Cosgrove Katherine McKinley Woven Planet Holdings, Inc Kathleen Tafel Kathy Reid Australian National University Katrin Leinweber Kavon Farvardin Apple Kazuyoshi Kato Kees-Jan van der Kolk Life Science Methods Keith A. Lewis KALX, LLC Keith Avery vesta-go.com Keith Mattix II Microsoft Keith Mitchell Kelly Walker Kaiser Permanente Ken Ackerson Ken Goldsholl xsact, inc. transact.io Ken Horn Kenneth Brucker Kent Reese Kestral Gaian London Interdisciplinary School Kevin Bradley Dsouza University of British Columbia Kevin Bush Kevin Doyle Kevin Kolk Kevin Marks Indieweb Kevin McGrath Kevin Miller University of California, San Francisco Kevin Neely Kevin Riggle Kevin Rowland Kevin Schultz Kevin Wittek RWTH Aachen University Kieron Lawson Kilian Gebhardt Secunet Kim Crawley Synack Kim Crayton Kim Crayton LLC Kousik Nandy Kris Audrey Nóva Kristian Johansson Kristian Thy IT University of Copenhagen alumni Kristján Valur Jónsson Kristoffer Kleine Kristofor Carle Krzysztof Cieslak Krzysztof Kosinski Google Kyle E. Mitchell Technology Attorney Kyle Hunt Kyle Pekosh Kyle Pitzen Known Global Lacey Kasten Ladd Van Tol eBay LaJay Norvell Larry Dunkelman Larry Garfield Lars Eidnes Lars Knoll Laura Houlberg Momentive AI (creator of SurveyMonkey) Lauren Allansmith Laurence (Buzz) Andersen Fable, Inc. Layke Austin Findley Lee Avital Datadog Lee Hambley Lee Ourand Lee Schumacher Lee Scott Price Lei Wang Leif Gensert Triumph Pay Lennart Grahl Leo Robinovitch Leon Miller-Out Le Qian Liang Liam Pett Liana G. Mancini Liron Shapira Liz Fong-Jones Liz Rice Isovalent Logan Pulley Lorenzo Gabriele Codacy Lou Browne University of Pennsylvania Louis E Ingenthron Ingenthron Engineering, LLC. Louis Russo Luc Tielen Lucas DiCioccio Luciano Ramalho Python Software Foundation Fellow Luigi Frassato Luis De Avila Luis Felipe Hussin Bento Luis Grass Foresight Mental Health Luis Mercado Luka Jaocobowitz CompStak Luke Alexander M. David Schwarz Indeed M. Paul Weeks Tough Love Arena Maciej Deręgowski Maciej Pękala Macklin Hartley Madhu Iyengar Magnus Bakken Magnus Holmes Mairhofer Stefan Makara Sok Mando Escamilla Gradient Works Manoj Krishnasamy ADP Mansi Parikh Mansour Mahboubi Remotion.live Manu Mohan Manuel Bernhardt Marc Boorshtein Tremolo Security Marc Goodner Microsoft Marc Tremsal Marc Kwiatkowski Former Facebook/Meta Marc Worrell WhatWebWhat Marcello Galhardo Marcello Urbani Basis Technologies Marcelo Prates Marcin Tustin Marco Bello Marco Guajardo University of Texas at Austin Marco Perone Marco Pivetta Roave, LLC Marcus Grant Margaret Gel Margaret Pearce Margaret Ó Dorchaidhe Margarita Manterola Debian GNU/Linux Marian Goldeen Maricris Villareal Amazon Mario Gomez Marius Kallhardt Mark Blake Mark Cox TDS Mark Greenslade Casper Association Mark Hemmings Mark Mandel Google Mark Nottingham Mark O Mcadam Mark Pieszak Mark Schmidt Mark W Winterrowd Google Research Mark Walling Marquis Kurt Marshall Bowers Marshall Robin Martin Barry Martin Biely Martin Fitzpatrick Martin Fowler Thoughtworks Martin Gladdish Martin Pagh Ludvigsen Martin Pittenauer Martin Pool Martin Schütte Martin Steinmann Martin Zielinski Yaak Technologies Martin Zinkin Riskpath Limited Marwan Sulaiman GitHub/Microsoft Massimo Banzi Mat Velloso Microsoft Matt DiCarlo Matt Dragon Charity Navigator Matt Gambogi Matt Lewis Matt Schaar Matt Silbernagel Matt Stupple Matteo Vaccari Matthew Bentley PLFlib Matthew Brady Matthew DeKrey Matthew Holt Caddy Web Server Matthew Kolosick University of California, San Diego Matthew Krupczak Certified Kubernetes Administrator Matthew Macomber University of Illinois Matthew Mark Miller Matthew Pletcher Dropbox Matthew Ramina Matthew Reider Dynatrace Matthew Snider Microsoft Matthew Williams Matthew Wills Mauricio Dominguez Max Morlocke Maximillian Brustkern Equinix Metal Maya Bonkowski Megan L. McNulty Melanie Bilbrey Chime Meredith H Micah Alles Michael A. Smith Syapse, Inc Michael Allen Michael B Devine Michael Bayne Michael Berganovsky Michael Blake Home Lending Pal Michael Brown Michael Chletsos Michael Cordover Michael De Rosa Michael Dewberry Autodesk Michael Droettboom Microsoft Michael Engard Michael Fu Michael Furst Michael Giuffrida Google Michael Haight Michael Harris Michael Hurwitz Michael Irwin Docker Michael J Coyne Michael Kämmerer Michael Liebhold Institute for the Future Michael Lynch Michael May Michael Narciso Michael Odden Michael Ralston Michael Rikeman GoTo Group Inc Michael Rose Google, Inc. Michael Rowbotham Corcentric Michael Schoonmaker Squad Michael Shimniok Michael Simons Neo4j, Inc. Michael Snook Michael Solberg Michael Strasser Thoughtworks Michael Thacker Michael Thole Michael Wasson Michael Watson Michel Floyd Michel Schinz EPFL Michela Ledwidge Michele Pittoni Michele Scandura Michiel Nuyts Loctax Miguel Duarte Mihai Miuta Mikael Voss nyantec GmbH Mike Carlucci Mike Madland Mike Wyman Miles Sabin Mitch Anderson Miłosz Kosobucki KDAB Mohamed Elsherif Molly Sheets Morgan Bird Drip Global Moritz Adler Google Morten Rand-Hendriksen Moses Mugisha Remitly Mozart Hasse Muhammad Taaha Munly Leong Easy Mode Murdho Savila IPRally Technologies Oy Naadir Jeewa VMware Nantas Nardelli Carbon Re / University of Oxford Naoki Hiroshima Nat Budin Nate Finch Nathan Anderson Nathan Cassee Nathan Dudley Nathan Maynes Nathanael Strong Nathaniel Barnes Nathaniel J. Smith Navid Jalali Navin Nair Thoughtworks Navneet Joneja Nelson Menezes Neville Kuyt Nicholas Bishop Google Nicholas Dronen Nicholas Gerard Nicholas Lyon Nicholas Pedalino Nicholas Pegg Nicholas Welp Elevation Energy Nicholas Wilke Nick Paul Nick Pollard Nick Randall Nick Rycar Nicklas Frahm Vestas Nicola Pedot Nicolas Bitar Université Paris-Saclay Nicolas Kerdelhué Nicolas Noble Nicolas Ward Amazon Web Services Nicolas Évrard B2CK Niels Callesøe Nik Clayton Nikolai Weh Google LLC Nikolaos Tsagkas Niloy Gupta Affirm, Carnegie Mellon University Nils Ohlmeier Nitin Pai Takshashila Institution, India Noah Kennedy Cloudflare Noah Richards Noble Ackerson Norman Yamada Ziprecruiter.com NR Ogden Ofer Halevi Olaf Bey Oleksiy Kovyrin Shopify Oliver Marienfeld Olivier Matrot Omar Dimachkie Onur Cakmak Google Oren Levine Oscar Estrada Oscar Salguero Osvaldo Pinali Doederlein Owen Lynch Topos Institute Owen Mathews Owen O'Leary Owen Raccuglia Owen Sanders Pablo Meier Pablo Rauzu Université Paris 8 Paolo De Rosa Paolo Urciullo Parker McComas University of Michigan Patricio Cano Patricio Funes funDAOmental Patrick Ellul Patrick Goldmann Patrick Hulce Patrick J. Beam Dropbox Patrick Nicholson Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Patrick O’Doherty Patrick Reynolds Patrick Smith Vectorpark Patrick Thomson GitHub, Inc. Paul Barker Paul Biggar Darklang Paul Blankinship Paul Browning University of Birmingham Paul Butler Drifting in Space Corp Paul Campbell Paul Cantrell Macalester College Paul Chang Paul Chiusano Paul Choi Paul Graydon Paul Haahr Google Paul Klinger Paul Kuliniewicz Paul Ramsey Paul Slocum Paul Stenius Paul-Louis Ageneau Paulo Lopes Pavel Trunecek Pedro Saboia Pere Villega Peter Clark Labadorf Bob Jones University Peter Cripps Peter Desnoyers Northeastern University, Associate Professor Peter DiSalvo Peter Foot Peter Gordon Peter Huene Peter Korsbäck Peter Linss Netscape developer / Co-chair W3C TAG Peter Liske Peter Parisi Peter Sabaini Phil Gross Google Phil J Greer Phil Nash Twilio Phil Park Advanced Micro Devices Phil Pearl Ravelin Technology Ltd Phil White Philip Gillißen Philip Kendall Disney Streaming Philipp Pfeiffenberger Google Philipp Ruediger Anaconda Inc. Philippe Duchesne Phillip Carter Honeycomb Phillip Fenstermacher Pier Fumagalli Pierre Lison Norwegian Computing Center Pierre Serafini Qonto Pieter Lange Pietro Stroia PagoPA Pinar Olguc Banking/Fintech/Internet Services Piper Horscroft Pippa Brooks Polina Giralt Poonam Hattangady Prakash Kumar Prasant Acharya Praveen Kumar Telugu Fluxon Professor Martyn Thomas CBE Gresham College Quentin Blasingame William Thomas Digital Quintin Smith People Make Games Rachid El Guerrab Rafael Garcia-Suarez Rahul Mishra Rainer Rehak Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society Ralph Squillace Microsoft Ramesh Dharan Randy Locklair Randy Reddig Founding team, Square Randy Reitz Randy Saldinger Rasmus Wätjen Ravi A Giri Ray Cologon NightWing Enterprises Raymond J. Greenwell Reid Priedhorsky Los Alamos National Laboratory Remi Despres-Smyth Journeyman Software Consulting Inc. Remie Bolte Reubem Dunnington Reuben Walker Mobile Atom Media Rhys Wilkins Rian Douglas Google LLC Riccardo Busetti Rich Curtis Rich Hanson Rich Kulawiec Rich Unger Lyft Richard J. Marisa Cornell University Richard Meredith Plausible Concept AB Richard Sanders Jr Richard Thomas RET Consulting Pty Ltd Richard Wendel III Rick Fletcher Ridley Combs Plex Rijk van Zanten Directus Rikhav Shah UC Berkeley RJ Smith Amazon Rob Egrot Mahidol University, Faculty of ICT Rob Relyea Microsoft Robbie Ostrow Robert A. Napier Robert B. Lyon Legato Systems, Inc. Robert Barton Vanguard Robert Berry Google Robert Carleton White, Jr. WhiteStar Corporation Robert Collins Robert Forsman Robert J. Vince Robert Lord Robert Miles Robert Postill Robert Reitenbach Robert Shropshire Robert Wheeler Robert Wyland-Chavez Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Roberto Pedroso Rodolfo Josué Hernández Chavarría Rodrigo Bozzolo Roel van der Ven Roger Boardman Roger Cowles Roger Hunt Idea Trek LLC Roger Ogden Romain Robbes Free University of Bozen-Bolzano Roman Kofman Roman Stoffel Ron Pressler Oracle Ronald Raffensperger Rory Aptekar Chime Ross Boucher Ross Nelson Roy Brokvam Ruby Khan Columbia University Rubén Fernández Ecopower Academy Northern Europe AB Runshan Chen ToTheMoonAndBack Rupert Kenneth Shuttleworth Google Russell Lewis Ryan Barrett Ryan Boehning Ryan Broman California State University, Sacramento Ryan Brott Ryan Canty Former Google Ryan James Wires Kroger Technology Ryan Lane Ryan Miller Durham College Ryan Mullett Red Hat Ryan Murphy IronCore Labs Ryan Plant Ryan Slama Slack Ryan Sparks ASU Ryanne Dolan LinkedIn S L Niemann S.H.M. van Houten Sagi Kedmi OpenSay Sam DeLuca Sam Hogarth Sam Kottler Sam Wilson Bainbridge Health, Inc. Samantha Zirkin Cross Border Civilians Foundation Samson Adejoro Samuel Batista Salesforce Samuel Oosterhuis Samuel Pastva Masaryk University Samuel Vrech Sarah Imrisek Sarah Robin Boerstler Sasa Sekulic Scott Burton SprintFWD Scott Draves Scott Fegette Scott Hanselman Scott Jungling Scott McKay Scott Treloar Noviscient Sean Chitwood Groupon Sean Dague IBM Sean Higgins Capital One Sean Kelly Sean Killeen Sean King Sean MacRae Seb Jacobs Sebastian Janisz Ultimate Walrus LLC Sebastian Richter Seth Angell University Of North Carolina at Wilmington Seth Robert Jacobs Seth Vargo Shakeel Mahate Hitachi Energy Shane Loeffler Sharif Aly Shawn Chanslor Data Innovations LLC Shawn Hargreaves Shawn Holmes Wrapmate Shayon Mukherjee Tines Sheridan Kates Autonomous University of Barcelona Sherif Hanna Google Shivani Khosa Sibin Grasic Oblak Solutions Simon Crosby Simon Emms Simon Gardner Simon Hain ISEC7 Software GmbH Simon Harrison Simon Hildebrandt Simon Klimaschka Simon P. Lucy G30 Consultants Ltd Simon Skrede The Lovdata foundation Simon Willison Simone Colombo Simone Piunno Skye Soss University of Chicago Sophie Schmieg Spencer Rudnick Ableton Srikanth Kasukurthi Stacy Kim Stefan du Fresne Stefan Hayden Splice Stefan Sedich Stefan Wert Stefane Fermigier, PhD Abilian SAS Stefano Saitta ThoughtWorks Stefano Zacchiroli Télécom Paris, Polytechnic Institute of Paris Steffen Kamp pixolus GmbH, Germany Stephan Eggermont Sensus Stephan Goergen Stephen Amar Stephen Avsec Stephen Bach Stephen Ball Stephen Garrett Georgia Institute of Technology Stephen James Thomas Infor Stephen Latta Microsoft Stephen Marsh The Metropolitan Museum of Art Stephen McGregor Stephen Morgan Stephen Touset Block, Inc Steve Anichini Disbelief Steve Fenton Steve Hart Steven Beasley Steven Calvert Steven Hyland Steven J Muchmore Steven L. Johnson University of Virginia Steven N. Severinghaus Steven Nichols L3Harris Technologies Steven Probst GlobalRisk Steven Zekowski Stuart MacIntosh Stuart P. Bentley Stuart Watt Stuart Wilson Sudhindra Sajjal Sumeet Rohatgi Suzanne J. Aldrich Vercel Suzanne Wilson Sven Richter Software AG Sylvain Fankhauser Sébastien Diemer Søren Sjørup Tanner Lievois Tasman Merrick Taylor Hunt eBay Ted M. Young Former eBay, Google, and Apple Software Engineer Ted Wexler Tejaswi Gowda, PhD Arizona State University Terrence Curran Theofilos Fokas Thom Mahoney Thomas Burkhart Thomas Fenech Thomas Fuchs Thomas Ingram Thomas Johansson Thomas Manthey Thomas Parslow Thomas Powell University of California, San Diego Thomas Randolph Thomas Renger Thomas Shone Booking.com Thomas Svensen Thomas Underhill Thomas Vaughn Thomas Vestergaard Trolle Tradeshift Thorsten Reichert IBA Dosimetry Théophile de Segonzac Tiago Cunha Tierney Cyren Till Adam Till Klocke Tim Allclair Google Tim Capes Tim Fish Tim Stumbaugh Hudson River Trading Timo Müller Timon Stalder Glencore Timothy Aidley Unity Technologies Timothy Caro-Bruce Timothy J Mortimer Timothy Miller Microsoft Timothy Pletcher Hewlett Packard Enterprise Timothy St. Clair Kubernetes Tina Hui Follow The Coin Labs Titus Winters Google Tobias Heintz Tobias Roland ITV Tod Thomson Todd Kulesza, PhD Google Tom Callaway Amazon Web Services Tom Churchill SHOTOVER Systems Tom Humphreys JPMorgan Chase & Co. Tom Kirchner Tom Ritchford Engora, Inc Tom Stokes Tomasz Niedźwiedź Wunderman Thompson Technology Tony Scelfo Google Torsten Fock-Herde Tran Long Cyber Space Travis Cole Travis Collins Travis Hymas HealthEquity Travis Kimmel Travis Matthew Siflinger Travis Thompson Apple Tre Murillo Treussart Matthieu Trevor Atlas Trey Spires Tristan Harward Tudor Golubenco Tyler Britten Tyler Harpool Jack Henry & Associates Tyler Keating Tyler McCraw Tyson Mote Twilio Ubiratan Soares Dotanuki Labs Ulysse Mizrahi Umut Seven Uri Avni Zixi Utkarsh Gupta Saavn Media Pvt. Ltd. Valentin Pertuisot Venkat Rajeev Malipeddi Venkatesh Hegde Victor Yodaiken Vihar Chokshi Vikram Mishra Viktor Charypar Red Badger Consulting Ltd. Viktor Rosenfeld Technische Universität Berlin Vince Allen Vince Scafaria CEO of DotAlign Vincent Maule Vincent Nwonah Vinicius Schettino Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Violet White UNC Virgile Robles Tweag Vishwaja Cheruku Google Vlad Zarytovskii Víctor Rodríguez Ramón Feeld Wade Leftwich Wael El Oraiby Wayne Myers Wayne Werner Wesley L Handy Wilhelm Frederick Noel Lichnock Always Be Gaming Will Floyd Will Osbourne William B. Capon American Systems William Chad Lee William J. Bowman University of British Columbia William Key William McMullen William Noon Cornell University William Perron Shopify William Renk William Robinson William Sorensen Wilson Dennison Wilson Husin Wouter Jonker Wylan Werth PDQ.com Xalavier Nelson Jr Yaakov Smith Yann Le Gars Yasuhiro Yoshida Yauchau Ching IEEE Fellow, Bellcore Fellow Yawar Quadir Amin Yechiel Kalmenson VMware Yeray Diaz Yigit Gorgulu Yuri Barbashov Yuval Sivan Amazon Yuvi Panda Project Jupyter Zach Auten Bandwidth Zach Biri Zachary Alexander Microsoft Zachary David Sweigart Zachary Harris Zachary Kohnen Zack Schultz Zekka Nelson Dating Group Zellyn Hunter Éamonn McManus Google Łukasz Byjoś External Writing and Research The resources offered here were chosen by the authors of this letter as useful reference material only. The inclusion of a paper and/or author in this list does not constitute an endorsement of this letter of our views. Allen, Hilary J. 2022. 'DeFi: Shadow Banking 2.0?' SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4038788. Allen, Hilary. 2022. Driverless Finance. Oxford University Press. Chancellor, Edward. 1999. 'Devil Take the Hindmost: A History of Financial Speculation'. Dhawan, Anirudh, and Tālis J Putniņš. 2020. 'A New Wolf in Town? Pump-and-Dump Manipulation in Cryptocurrency Markets'. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3670714. Dywer, Gerald P. 1996. 'Wildcat Banking, Banking Panics, and Free Banking in the United States', 20. Chipolina, Scott. 2022. 'The Week That Shook Crypto'. Financial Times, 13 May 2022, https://www.ft.com/content/3e0a65bb-a953-433a-819e-ff29de847336. Foley, Sean, Jonathan R Karlsen, and Tālis J Putniņš. 2019. 'Sex, Drugs, and Bitcoin: How Much Illegal Activity Is Financed through Cryptocurrencies?' The Review of Financial Studies 32 (5): 1798-1853. Gorton, Gary B., and Jeffery Zhang. 2021. 'Taming Wildcat Stablecoins'. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3888752. Hamrick, JT, Farhang Rouhi, Arghya Mukherjee, Amir Feder, Neil Gandal, Tyler Moore, and Marie Vasek. 2018. 'An Examination of the Cryptocurrency Pump and Dump Ecosystem'. http://ssrn.com/paper=3303365. Hanley, Brian P. 2018. 'The False Premises and Promises of Bitcoin'. ArXiv:1312.2048 [Cs, q-Fin], July. http://arxiv.org/abs/1312.2048. Hockett, Robert C. 2019. 'Money's Past Is Fintech's Future: Wildcat Crypto, the Digital Dollar, and Citizen Central Banking'. Kindleberger, Charles P, Panics Manias, and A Crashes. 1996. 'History of Financial Crises'. Wiley, New York. Kelly, Jemima. 2021. 'Why We Shouldn't Listen to Crypto "Experts"'. Financial Times, 23 June 2021. https://www.ft.com/content/26283f09-c3df-4c7e-814c-65083b063d8a. Mehrotra, Kartikay. 2020. 'UCSF Hack Shows Evolving Risks of Ransomware in the Covid Era'. Bloomberg.Com. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-08-19/ucsf-hack-shows-evolving-.... Mims, Christopher. 2022. 'NFTs, Cryptocurrencies and Web3 Are Multilevel Marketing Schemes for a New Generation - WSJ'. Wall Street Journal. 19 February 2022. https://www.wsj.com/articles/nfts-cryptocurrencies-and-web3-are-multilevel-m...". Orcutt, Mike. 2020. 'This Is How North Korea Uses Cutting-Edge Crypto Money Laundering to Steal Millions'. MIT Technology Review. MIT Technology Review. http://www.technologyreview.com/2020/03/05/916688/north-korean-hackers-crypt... Popper, Nathaniel. 2020. 'Ransomware Attacks Grow, Crippling Cities and Businesses'. New York Times, February. Schneier, Bruce. 2019. 'There's No Good Reason to Trust Blockchain Technology'. Wired Magazine. https://www.wired.com/story/theres-no-good-reason-to-trust-blockchain-techno... Shiller, Robert J. 2017. 'What Is Bitcoin Really Worth? Don't Even Ask.' The New York Times, 15 December 2017, sec. Business. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/15/business/bitcoin-investing.html Steele, Graham. 2021. 'The Miner of Last Resort: Digital Currency, Shadow Money and the Role of the Central Bank'. Technology and Government, Emerald Studies in Media and Communications, Forthcoming. Taleb, Nassim Nicholas. 2021. 'Bitcoin, Currencies, and Fragility'. ArXiv:2106.14204 [Physics, q-Fin], July. http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.14204 Rosenthal, David. n.d. 'Stanford Lecture on Cryptocurrency'. Accessed 2 March 2022. https://blog.dshr.org/2022/02/ee380-talk.html . Vries, Alex de. 2018. 'Bitcoin's Growing Energy Problem'. Joule 2 (5): 801-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.016. ———. 2020. 'Bitcoin's Energy Consumption Is Underestimated: A Market Dynamics Approach'. Energy Research & Social Science 70: 101721. Vries, Alex de, and Christian Stoll. 2021. 'Bitcoin's Growing e-Waste Problem'. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 175 (September): 105901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105901. Walch, Angela. 2019. 'Deconstructing 'Decentralization': Exploring the Core Claim of Crypto Systems'. C. Brummer (Ed.), Crypto Assets: Legal and Monetary Perspectives, 1-36. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3326244 Weaver, Nicholas. 2018. 'Risks of Cryptocurrencies'. Communications of the ACM 61 (6): 20-24. White, Molly. 2022. 'Abuse and Harassment on the Blockchain'. Molly White. 22 January 2022. https://blog.mollywhite.net/abuse-and-harassment-on-the-blockchain/.