How simple can an ecash mint be? For the simplest case there should be no accounts. All the mint does is exchange coins for other coins. There are no customer lists, no records of transactions (except as needed for double-spending detection). The very simplest mint is a pure ecoin changer. You give it a coin and it gives you a new one in return. It checks that the coin you gave it is valid and has not been spent before. You also supplied blinding factors so that the new coin you get is blinded and will not be recognized by the mint when spent later. By itself, this trivial mint can support a transaction system, and in principle a whole economy. For Alice to pay Bob, she gives him coins. Bob exchanges them at the mint for new coins, thereby checking that they are good. End of transaction. Bob can spend his new coins elsewhere, unlinkable to the exchange. The mint does not even have to be involved in transfers between ecash and other forms of payment. This is one of the things the e-gold people got right. They outsourced in- and out-transactions. You go to any of dozens of coin dealers, currency services, shady operators of all stripes, to get money into or out of your e-gold account. The same thing would work here. Third parties would offer to buy or sell ecash for dollars, grams of gold, hi grade cocaine, etc. As described, this mint has a constant money supply. There is neither creation nor destruction of coins. In practice there would be slow destruction due to occasional losses of data. This could lead to very slow deflation, or the mint could be adjusted to slightly inflate the currency in order to compensate for this effect.