Steve Schear wrote:
I think whether the 2nd is enforceable against states and municipalities will depend upon the SC deciding to apply the 14th Amendment. The Supreme Court has long held that the 14th Amendment does not make all of the Bill of Rights applicable to the States. Only those rights the Court finds to be "fundamental" apply. To this day, several portions of the Bill of Rights, including the right to indictment by grand jury, to a jury trial in any common-law suit over $20, and to the rules of the common law in judicial review of jury fact-finding, have not been held to be fundamental and to this day are not applicable to the states.
Steve is correct that the question if the 2nd Amendment imposes limits on the ability of the States to regulate arms closely relates to whether the Supreme Court holds that the 14th Amendment extends 2nd Amendment's reach to the States. However, the answer to this question is not one that will need to be decided in the future. It has been decided over 125 years ago in one of the first test cases of the then new 14th Amendment In United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542 (1876), the Supreme Court held that: "The government of the United States, although it is, within the scope of its powers, supreme and beyond the States, can neither grant nor secure to its citizens rights or privileges which are not expressly or by implication placed under its jurisdiction. All that cannot be so granted or secured are left to the exclusive protection of the States." "The right to bear arms is not granted by the Constitution; neither is it in any manner dependent upon that instrument for its existence. The second amendment means no more than that it shall not be infringed by Congress, and has no other effect than to restrict the powers of the national government." As you can see by reading the entire case, the Court held not only that the 14th Amendment does not extend the 2nd Amendment to the States, but also held that the States are free to regulate firearms at their leisure, in effect, the Court held that the 2nd Amendment solely constrains Congress from infringing upon the right to keep and bear arms while leaving the Executive free to infringe upon this right, or deny its exercise entirely, at will. In their ruling, the Supreme Court of course utterly ignored the legislative history of the 14th Amendment that shows that the 14th Amendment was put in place precisely to ensure, amongst other civil rights, that the newly freed blacks would be able to arm themselves as a protection from their militarily beaten, but no less racist, white neighbors. Under Cruikshank, Congress may not pass a bill infringing on the right of the citizens to keep and bear arms, but a Presidential Executive Order that all private citizens are to turn in their guns tomorrow passes Constitutional muster. The Supreme Court slightly soften their contention that the 2nd Amendment was not worth the parchment it is written on (at least when it comes to, horrors, blacks with guns) ten years later in Presser v. Illinois, 116 U.S. 252 (1886). "The provision in the Second Amendment to the Constitution, that 'the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed,' is a limitation only on the power of Congress and the national government, and not of the States. But in view of the fact that all citizens capable of bearing arms constitute the reserved military force of the national government as well as in view of its general powers, the States cannot prohibit the people from keeping and bearing arms, so as to deprive the United States of their rightful resource for maintaining the public security." Unfortunately, while at first glance being rather favorable to the right to keep and bear arms, Court in Presser did not overturn the Court's earlier determination in Cruikshank that the 14th Amendment does not extend the 2nd Amendment to the States. While the Court has in the well over 100 years that have since passed extended virtually the entire Bill of Rights to the States via the 14th Amendment, it has failed to so with the 2nd Amendment. The decision in Cruikshank that the 14th Amendment does not extend the 2nd Amendment to the States stands has not only been made by the Supreme Court, the decision stands to this day. --Lucky (IANAL)