Don and others, At the heart of IPG algorithm there is a pseudo-random number generator which generates values of A(JV). (see http://www.netprivacy.com/algo.html) DO JV=JV+1 IF JV=53 THEN JV=0 A(JV)=(A(JV)+B(JV)) MOD C(JV) UNTIL A(JV)<16384 Note that if B(JV) and C(JV) in a triplet (A(JV), B(JV), C(JV)) are not mutually prime, they will generate very few numbers and not a whole set 0-16383. For example, if C(JV) is 20000, and B(JV) is 10000, and initial A is (for example) 57, the only two numbers that this triplet will generate will be 57 and 10057. This refutes Don Wood's claim that the distribution of results approaches even. Even if only ONE triplet is such as I described (and it is VERY likely to happen statistically), the distribution will be skewed. Don, what do you think about it? igor