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Date: Fri, 11 Jan 2002 19:17:59 -0000
From: robalini
Reply-To: konformist-owner@yahoogroups.com
To: konformist@yahoogroups.com
Subject: Konformist: Enrongate 01-11-02
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Justice Opens Criminal Probe Of Enron
By Kevin Drawbaugh
1-10-2
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The Justice Department said on Wednesday it
had opened a criminal investigation of Enron Corp., as the
controversy over the energy giant's collapse widened.
Officials declined to say exactly when the criminal probe began. But
they said it was centered in the department's criminal division and
that a task force was being set up to handle the case.
Robert Bennett, attorney for Enron, said, "When this investigation is
finished, a lot of the things that people are reading and hearing
will be proven to be not true."
He said he was pleased the Justice Department was centralizing its
inquiry. "It is very difficult to deal with multiple entities ... We
have been in contact with several different prosecutors," Bennett
said.
Once the world's largest energy trader, Enron slid in mere weeks last
year from Wall Street stardom to making the largest bankruptcy filing
in U.S. history on Dec. 2. Its downfall, after withdrawal of a rescue
takeover bid by rival Dynegy Inc., threw thousands out of work and
devastated investors.
The episode sapped the life savings of many Enron employees whose 401
(k) retirement plans depended on the company's stock, while top
executives allegedly pocketed fat profits by selling ahead of a
dizzying plunge in the share price.
The White House on Wednesday said it was likely to soon propose new
policies to guard against a repeat of the Enron debacle. White House
spokesman Ari Fleischer, asked about the Justice Department probe,
told Reuters it was important to get to the bottom of the Enron
collapse and develop new policies to protect workers and pensioners.
"It's important for the investigation to proceed to determine what
was done and why it was done. The president also believes it's
important to explore new policies so it (a similar collapse) can
never happen again," Fleischer said.
Asked whether new policies would be announced soon, he
said, "likely."
ENRON FACES MULTIPLE PROBES
The Houston, Texas-based company, once ranked No. 7 on the Fortune
500 list of large corporations, is also being probed by five
congressional committees, the market-regulating Securities and
Exchange Commission and the Labor Department.
At the heart of Enron's problems were complex financial partnerships -
- known as special-purpose entities -- set up by Enron executives and
used to keep debt off the company's highly leveraged books. After
some deals involving the partnerships went sour, Enron in October had
to take a $1 billion charge against earnings and cut shareholder
equity by $1.2 billion.
Those moves drew market attention to the partnerships, triggering a
crisis in investor confidence and credit-rating downgrades that
ultimately led to bankruptcy court.
The SEC said its 10-week-old probe of Enron and its long-time
auditor, the accounting firm Andersen, would not be altered by the
Justice Department's action. "The Justice Department and the SEC
frequently run concurrent investigations," said SEC spokeswoman
Christi Harlan.
The decision at Justice to move to a full-fledged criminal
investigation came after weeks of examining whether such a probe was
warranted, officials said.
They were unable to say whether any charges would ever result from
the investigation.
"I'm not assuming they will file charges," Bennett said. "This is a
very preliminary investigation ... To my knowledge there's no
evidence of wrongdoing yet. You have a business failure and you have
a lot of allegations. But allegations are not the same as evidence."
The departmental task force on the case is expected to include
federal prosecutors from Houston, New York and San Francisco. Also on
the task force will be members of the Justice Department's fraud
section, officials said.
Enron was a major contributor to the election campaign of President
Bush, as well as many other lawmakers in Washington. The once
politically powerful company also advised the Bush administration on
energy policy.
The head of Congress' investigative arm said on Wednesday he would
decide within a month whether to sue the White House over its refusal
to name industry executives the administration met with last year
while drafting its new energy policy.
Shares in Enron closed on Wednesday at 79 cents on the New York Stock
Exchange, off an August 2000 high of $90.56.
*****
Enron Auditor Says Documents Gone
Associated Press
Last Updated: Jan. 10, 2002 at 3:39:49 p.m.
WASHINGTON - The firm that audited the books of collapsed Enron
Corp., Arthur Andersen LLP, disclosed Thursday that its employees had
destroyed a ``significant but undetermined'' number of documents
related to the company.
Federal law enforcement agencies and congressional investigators are
seeking the documents as part of their inquiries into the failure of
the giant energy-trading company, which left countless investors
burned and employees out of work with billions of dollars of losses
in their Enron-heavy retirement accounts.
Rep. Billy Tauzin, R-La., whose House Energy and Commerce Committee
is among the agencies and panels investigating, called the
destruction of documents ``a deeply troubling development.''
``Anyone who destroyed records simply out of stupidity should be
fired. Anyone who destroyed records to try and subvert our
investigation should be prosecuted,'' Tauzin said.
The Big Five accounting firm said in a statement that in recent
months, electronic files and other documents related to its auditing
of Enron had been destroyed or deleted.
Chicago-based Andersen said its company policy ``required in certain
circumstances the destruction of certain types of documents.''
However, the firm said, millions of documents related to Enron still
exist, and it has managed to retrieve some of the deleted electronic
files. Andersen said it is continuing retrieval efforts through
electronic backup files, ``and is continuing in its efforts to fully
learn and understand all the facts related to this issue.''
Andersen has asked John Danforth, the former Missouri attorney
general and U.S. senator, ``to conduct an immediate and comprehensive
review of Andersen's records management policy and to recommend
improvements.''
Andersen's auditing work for Enron, which entered last month into the
largest corporate bankruptcy in U.S. history, is being investigated
by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The surprise announcement by Andersen came in a day punctuated by
revelations from members of the Bush administration concerning Enron.
The White House disclosed that Enron Chairman Kenneth L. Lay reached
out to two of President Bush's Cabinet officers when the energy
company was collapsing. Attorney General John Ashcroft, who received
campaign contributions from Enron executives during his failed 2000
senatorial bid, said he will recuse himself from the criminal
investigation of Enron being conducted by the Justice Department.
Andersen said that in recent months, people in the firm involved with
the Enron auditing ``disposed of a significant but undetermined
number of electronic and paper documents and correspondence.''
Ken Johnson, a spokesman for Tauzin, said Andersen officials told
committee investigators Thursday that thousands of documents had been
destroyed.
*****
http://www.wsws.org
WSWS : News & Analysis : North America
New York Times defends Bush on links to Enron corporate fraud
By David Walsh
10 January 2002
True to form, the editors of the New York Times have rushed to the
defense of President Bush against suggestions that his administration
could be implicated in one of the largest corporate frauds in
history, which produced the collapse of Enron Corporation, the energy
trading giant.
Bush administration officials, and George W. Bush personally, had the
most intimate ties to top Enron officials, including Chairman and CEO
Kenneth Lay, one of the biggest fundraisers for the Bush 2000
campaign and the finance chairman of the Bush inaugural. The company
filed for Chapter 11 status in December, the largest corporate
bankruptcy in US history, leaving thousands of workers unemployed and
with decimated retirement savings, and devastating thousands more
small investors.
Ten congressional committees and federal agencies have announced
investigations into suspected illegal activities at the once high-
flying firm, which at one time ranked seventh on the Fortune 500 list
of the largest companies in the US, and whose stock price, once more
than $90, had fallen to 66 cents a share by January 4. The Senate
Governmental Affairs Committee, chaired by Joseph Lieberman, the
Connecticut Democrat, will open hearings January 24.
A January 4 Times editorial, "The Enron Post-Mortem," noted: "No
company has more generously backed President Bush throughout his
political career than Enron," adding that company Chairman Kenneth
Lay, "was among the influential advisers to Vice President Dick
Cheney's secretive energy task force last spring."
Then the Times arrives at its central theme: "Democrats ... should
resist the temptation to use the Enron saga for cheap political gain.
Talk of a `cancer on the presidency' [a reference to the Watergate
scandal] and of a `Bush Whitewater' is unwarranted at this point, and
threatens to trivialize and unduly politicize an inquiry vital to the
health of the American economy."
One has to rub one's eyes in disbelief. This comes from the newspaper
that helped launch Whitewaterwith a notorious article by Jeff Gerth
in March 1992and elevate it into a national scandal. Countless
editorials appeared in the Times over the years portraying Whitewater
as of monumental significance and declaring that every other scandal
and misstep of the Clinton administration somehow flowed from it.
Looked at objectively, Whitewater was small change. The real estate
scheme was liquidated years before Clinton entered the White House
and involved a failed investment, on the Clintons' part, of less than
$100,000. It had no financial or political significance until the
American media, led by the Times, and Clinton's far-right political
opponents, seized on it as a pretext to undermine the Democratic
administration.
The collapse of multibillion-dollar Enron, on the other hand, has
vast implications. It is a serious economic blow to tens of thousands
of people, its former workers first of all. As the Washington Post
noted, "Enron's employees were encouraged to invest their 401(k)
plans in Enron stock, which came to make up more than half the assets
in the company's retirement system. Enron's collapse therefore left
many of the 4,500 U.S. employees who were laid off pensionless as
well as jobless." A 33-year-old employee of the firm told senators in
December that the value of his Enron stock had fallen from $1.3
million to $20,000. Charles Prestwood told his questioners, "I'm a
very broke person. I lost everything I had."
Company officials, according to widely reported allegations, forced
employees to hold on to their stock as its value plunged in October
and November. Executives reportedly meanwhile sold their shares and,
on the eve of the declaration of bankruptcy, distributed some $100
million in bonuses to hundreds of high-level employees.
Enron and the Republican Party
Everything one learns about the operation of this company, to put it
bluntly, stinks to high heaven. And linking the scandal to the
Republican Party and the current White House is not an exercise in
partisan "politicizing," let alone "trivializing." Enron is itself
the product of the policies pursued by the Republican rightand
largely supported by the Democratsover the past decade and a half,
through the deregulation of energy markets. And the personal ties
between Enron and the Bush administration are so extensive that one
can only indicate them in outline form:
* Kenneth Lay, Enron's chairman, has been George W. Bush's chief
financial supporter and key backer since the latter went into
politics. The connection between Lay and the Bush family goes back to
the administration of the elder George Bush. Lay, known to the
current president as "Kenny Boy," was a White House guest during the
first Bush administration, which sponsored the passage of the 1992
Energy Policy Act. This legislation compelled established utility
companies to open their transmission lines to electricity distributed
through Enron's speculative marketing.
* Lay and Enron together have given $2 million to George W. Bush's
election efforts. In 2000 a company memo "recommended" that employees
contribute to the Bush campaign: low-level managers were urged to
give $500 and senior executives at least $5,000. Lay was listed by
the Bush-Cheney campaign in 2000 as one of the "Pioneers" who raised
at least $100,000, while Enron gave $100,000 to the inauguration
gala, a contribution matched by Lay and his wife personally.
* Lay was the only energy company executive to meet alone with Cheney
when the latter was holding his secret discussion last year on a new
energy policy. Cheney has so far rebuffed efforts by the General
Accounting Office to reveal the others participants at those meetings
and what they discussed.
* Between 1995 and 2000 Enron donated $4.4 million to presidential
and congressional candidates, more than any other company except UPS
and Lockheed Martin. Enron contributed to the campaigns of 71 of the
100 current senators and nearly half the 435 members of congress. The
investment paid off. In 2000 Enron secured exemption for its energy
derivatives business under an act regulating commodity trading
futures.
* Another major beneficiary of Enron financial generosity has been
Senator Phil Gramm, the Texas Republican right-wing demagogue, who
pushed through the 2000 legislation just cited and whose wife Wendy
sits on the company's board of directors. Wendy Gramm served under
the first Bush as chair of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission
at the time it allowed for an exemption in the trading of energy
derivatives, which later became Enron's most lucrative activity.
Gramm resigned from her government position to take a seat on Enron's
board. In November 1998 she sold $276, 912 in Enron stock.
* A number of other members of the first Bush administration joined
Enron after Clinton's victory in 1992, including James Baker (who
helped mastermind the hijacking of the Florida vote in 2000) and
Commerce Secretary Robert Mosbacher.
* Numerous officials went directly from Enron to the new
administration in 2001, following the installation of George W. Bush.
For example, Thomas White Jr., Bush's secretary of the Army, had been
Vice Chairman of Enron Energy Services; he also served as a member of
Enron's Executive Committee and Chief Executive Officer for Enron
Operations Corporation. Bush's top economic adviser, Lawrence
Lindsey, was an Enron consultant. Trade representative Robert
Zoellick, an official in the Reagan administration and former
counselor to Baker when he was secretary of the Treasury, served on
Enron's Advisory council. Chief White House political adviser and
dirty tricks operator, Karl Rove, at one time owned Enron stock worth
$250,000.
* In December Bush named former Montana governor Mark Racicot, and a
registered lobbyist for the firm of Bracewell & Patterson where he
personally represented Enron, as chair of the Republican National
Committee. Racicot insisted that he would continue representing Enron
and his other corporate clientswith the blessing of the White House
even while heading the Republican Party, making him "instantly," in
the words of one commentator, "the most powerful influence peddler in
Washington."
There is another sense in which the Enron collapse is connected to
the White House. Both the Houston-based corporation and the Bush
administration have engaged in massive misrepresentation of their
financial books. Enron systematically shifted debts to off-book
partnerships set up by company executives, to disguise the fact that
it had relatively few assets. The Bush administration engaged in
financial flimflam on an even larger scale in pushing through its
record tax cut for the wealthy.
If it happened under Clinton?
What if the spectacular collapse of a massive corporate enterprise,
operated by one of the president's closest cronies, had occurred
under the previous administration? Columnist Molly Ivins legitimately
asks her readers to imagine that "Clinton's long-time, all-time
biggest campaign contributor, a guy for whom Clinton has carried
water over the years, a guy with unparalleled `access,' a shaper of
policy, a man with a veto on regulatory appointments affecting his
business, with connections at every level of the administration, a
political fixer beyond the wildest dreams of James Riadyimagine that
this guy's worldwide empire has tumbled into bankruptcy in just three
months amid cascading reports of lies, monumental accounting errors,
evasions, iffy financial statements, insider deals, a board of
directors rife with conflicts of interest, top executives bailing out
with millions while regular employees see their life savings shrink
to nothingimagine all this back in the day of Bill Clinton.... [W]
e'd have four congressional investigations, three special
prosecutors, two impeachment inquiries ... by now."
This seems perfectly obvious, but not to the Times editors. As a
corporate entity, Enron proved to be a criminal conspiracy. It shares
this characteristic with the Bush administration. Indeed Enron's
fingerprints are all over the present regime; its officials have
helped draw up policy; its former officials are running important
departments of the US government. In the face of this, the Times
editors caution the Democrats against seeking "cheap political gain"
from the affair. (The Washington Post editorialized January 6 along
the same lines, chastising Democrats who "seem tempted" to focus "on
links between Enron and the Bush administration.")
The attempt by the Times to minimize the political significance of
the Enron disaster and thus render aid and comfort to George W. Bush
is consistent with the rightward turn by what passes today for
American liberalism, a thoroughly rotten and compromised political
force.
Throughout the Clinton administration, the Times collaborated with
ultra-right-wing forces in keeping the pot boiling in a series of
largely concocted scandals, which did not lead to criminal charges
but disrupted the administration politically, culminating in
Clinton's impeachment and Senate trial. The Times joined in the witch-
hunt over Clinton's affair with Monica Lewinsky, giving a political
cover to Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr, the congressional
Republican leadership and a cabal of right-wing lawyers, judges and
political operatives.
While the Times warns today about "trivializing" the Enron collapse,
it engaged in just such conduct throughout the Whitewater-Lewinsky
years, insisting that the central issue was always the minutiae of
Clinton's financial dealings in the 1980s, or his sexual activity in
the 1990s, or whether he lied about one or the other, and not the
right-wing campaign to stage a political coup d'état and oust an
elected president. This campaign culminated in the theft of the 2000
presidential election and the installation of Bush in the White House
by the Supreme Court.
Having fueled the anti-Clinton fires and having accepted the
hijacking of last year's election with barely a murmur of complaint,
the Times editors have a vested interest in covering up for the
regime that has come to power in part as the result of their own
reactionary and cowardly positions. Moreover, their support for
Bush's war in Afghanistan would be further discredited if they were
obliged to admit that it was being run by the associates of corporate
gangsters.
In general, the Times editors react with hostility to anything that
might encourage the growth of political and social opposition to the
established order. Their January 4 editorial begins by referring to
the need "to restore confidence in American capitalism and in the
integrity of its financial markets." A dishonest and ill-fated
project. The Times editors knowas well as anyone, for this is their
milieuthat the American corporate and Wall Street establishments are
corrupt to the bone and wracked by crisis. It will take considerably
more than this kind of cynical and hypocritical editorializing to put
that Humpty Dumpty together again.
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