Not repeating what James Hicks had to say: | 1.) From what I am hearing (largely propaganda from both sides) Clipper | will be OPTIONAL. While Clipper might start out 'optional' the government intends to use its massive purchasing power to make it the de facto standard. If the government buys 50 or 100K Clipper phones, all of the sudden, Clipper phones are the standard. And like DOS, people will buy it because it is standard and cheap, not because it is better. Also, the development of clipper was done with tax dollars. The government has no need to recoup its investment in developing the chip. Therefore, they can sell the chips at the cost of manufacturing, and forget the R&D. That ability to ignore the bottom line is a pretty powerful mechanism. If a clipper phone costs $100 less than the alternative, because we the taxpayers already paid for it, Clipper becomes more and more the only choice. Adam -- Adam Shostack adam@bwh.harvard.edu Politics. From the greek "poly," meaning many, and ticks, a small, annoying bloodsucker. Have you signed the anti-Clipper petition?