Tor 0.1.1.20, the first stable release of the 0.1.1.x branch, is finally ready. This release features some major security fixes, including entry guards to protect the beginning of the circuit, exit enclaves to protect the end, and better firewall support; a new directory protocol that improves bandwidth use and keeps clients more up to date; two new directory authorities; a new ascii-based controller protocol that lets people easily write applications to interact with Tor; and many scalability and performance improvements. http://tor.eff.org/download.html Changes in version 0.1.1.20 - 2006-05-23 o Crash and assert fixes from 0.1.0.17: - Fix assert bug in close_logs() on exit: when we close and delete logs, remove them all from the global "logfiles" list. - Fix an assert error when we're out of space in the connection_list and we try to post a hidden service descriptor (reported by Peter Palfrader). - Fix a rare assert error when we've tried all intro points for a hidden service and we try fetching the service descriptor again: "Assertion conn->state != AP_CONN_STATE_RENDDESC_WAIT failed". - Setconf SocksListenAddress kills Tor if it fails to bind. Now back out and refuse the setconf if it would fail. - If you specify a relative torrc path and you set RunAsDaemon in your torrc, then it chdir()'s to the new directory. If you then HUP, it tries to load the new torrc location, fails, and exits. The fix: no longer allow a relative path to torrc when using -f. - Check for integer overflows in more places, when adding elements to smartlists. This could possibly prevent a buffer overflow on malicious huge inputs. o Security fixes, major: - When we're printing strings from the network, don't try to print non-printable characters. Now we're safer against shell escape sequence exploits, and also against attacks to fool users into misreading their logs. - Implement entry guards: automatically choose a handful of entry nodes and stick with them for all circuits. Only pick new guards when the ones you have are unsuitable, and if the old guards become suitable again, switch back. This will increase security dramatically against certain end-point attacks. The EntryNodes config option now provides some hints about which entry guards you want to use most; and StrictEntryNodes means to only use those. Fixes CVE-2006-0414. - Implement exit enclaves: if we know an IP address for the destination, and there's a running Tor server at that address which allows exit to the destination, then extend the circuit to that exit first. This provides end-to-end encryption and end-to-end authentication. Also, if the user wants a .exit address or enclave, use 4 hops rather than 3, and cannibalize a general circ for it if you can. - Obey our firewall options more faithfully: . If we can't get to a dirserver directly, try going via Tor. . Don't ever try to connect (as a client) to a place our firewall options forbid. . If we specify a proxy and also firewall options, obey the firewall options even when we're using the proxy: some proxies can only proxy to certain destinations. - Make clients regenerate their keys when their IP address changes. - For the OS X package's modified privoxy config file, comment out the "logfile" line so we don't log everything passed through privoxy. - Our TLS handshakes were generating a single public/private keypair for the TLS context, rather than making a new one for each new connection. Oops. (But we were still rotating them periodically, so it's not so bad.) - When we were cannibalizing a circuit with a particular exit node in mind, we weren't checking to see if that exit node was already present earlier in the circuit. Now we are. - Require server descriptors to list IPv4 addresses -- hostnames are no longer allowed. This also fixes potential vulnerabilities to servers providing hostnames as their address and then preferentially resolving them so they can partition users. - Our logic to decide if the OR we connected to was the right guy was brittle and maybe open to a mitm for invalid routers. o Security fixes, minor: - Adjust tor-spec.txt to parameterize cell and key lengths. Now Ian Goldberg can prove things about our handshake protocol more easily. - Make directory authorities generate a separate "guard" flag to mean "would make a good entry guard". Clients now honor the is_guard flag rather than looking at is_fast or is_stable. - Try to list MyFamily elements by key, not by nickname, and warn if we've not heard of a server. - Start using RAND_bytes rather than RAND_pseudo_bytes from OpenSSL. Also, reseed our entropy every hour, not just at startup. And add entropy in 512-bit chunks, not 160-bit chunks. - Refuse server descriptors where the fingerprint line doesn't match the included identity key. Tor doesn't care, but other apps (and humans) might actually be trusting the fingerprint line. - We used to kill the circuit when we receive a relay command we don't recognize. Now we just drop that cell. - Fix a bug found by Lasse Overlier: when we were making internal circuits (intended to be cannibalized later for rendezvous and introduction circuits), we were picking them so that they had useful exit nodes. There was no need for this, and it actually aids some statistical attacks. - Start treating internal circuits and exit circuits separately. It's important to keep them separate because internal circuits have their last hops picked like middle hops, rather than like exit hops. So exiting on them will break the user's expectations. - Fix a possible way to DoS dirservers. - When the client asked for a rendezvous port that the hidden service didn't want to provide, we were sending an IP address back along with the end cell. Fortunately, it was zero. But stop that anyway. o Packaging improvements: - Implement --with-libevent-dir option to ./configure. Improve search techniques to find libevent, and use those for openssl too. - Fix a couple of bugs in OpenSSL detection. Deal better when there are multiple SSLs installed with different versions. - Avoid warnings about machine/limits.h on Debian GNU/kFreeBSD. - On non-gcc compilers (e.g. Solaris's cc), use "-g -O" instead of "-Wall -g -O2". - Make unit tests (and other invocations that aren't the real Tor) run without launching listeners, creating subdirectories, and so on. - The OS X installer was adding a symlink for tor_resolve but the binary was called tor-resolve (reported by Thomas Hardly). - Now we can target arch and OS in rpm builds (contributed by Phobos). Also make the resulting dist-rpm filename match the target arch. - Apply Matt Ghali's --with-syslog-facility patch to ./configure if you log to syslog and want something other than LOG_DAEMON. - Fix the torify (tsocks) config file to not use Tor for localhost connections. - Start shipping socks-extensions.txt, tor-doc-unix.html, tor-doc-server.html, and stylesheet.css in the tarball. - Stop shipping tor-doc.html, INSTALL, and README in the tarball. They are useless now. - Add Peter Palfrader's contributed check-tor script. It lets you easily check whether a given server (referenced by nickname) is reachable by you. - Add BSD-style contributed startup script "rc.subr" from Peter Thoenen. o Directory improvements -- new directory protocol: - See tor/doc/dir-spec.txt for all the juicy details. Key points: - Authorities and caches publish individual descriptors (by digest, by fingerprint, by "all", and by "tell me yours"). - Clients don't download or use the old directory anymore. Now they download network-statuses from the directory authorities, and fetch individual server descriptors as needed from mirrors. - Clients don't download descriptors of non-running servers. - Download descriptors by digest, not by fingerprint. Caches try to download all listed digests from authorities; clients try to download "best" digests from caches. This avoids partitioning and isolating attacks better. - Only upload a new server descriptor when options change, 18 hours have passed, uptime is reset, or bandwidth changes a lot. - Directory authorities silently throw away new descriptors that haven't changed much if the timestamps are similar. We do this to tolerate older Tor servers that upload a new descriptor every 15 minutes. (It seemed like a good idea at the time.) - Clients choose directory servers from the network status lists, not from their internal list of router descriptors. Now they can go to caches directly rather than needing to go to authorities to bootstrap the first set of descriptors. - When picking a random directory, prefer non-authorities if any are known. - Add a new flag to network-status indicating whether the server can answer v2 directory requests too. - Directory mirrors now cache up to 16 unrecognized network-status docs, so new directory authorities will be cached too. - Stop parsing, storing, or using running-routers output (but mirrors still cache and serve it). - Clients consider a threshold of "versioning" directory authorities before deciding whether to warn the user that he's obsolete. - Authorities publish separate sorted lists of recommended versions for clients and for servers. - Change DirServers config line to note which dirs are v1 authorities. - Put nicknames on the DirServer line, so we can refer to them without requiring all our users to memorize their IP addresses. - Remove option when getting directory cache to see whether they support running-routers; they all do now. Replace it with one to see whether caches support v2 stuff. - Stop listing down or invalid nodes in the v1 directory. This reduces its bulk by about 1/3, and reduces load on mirrors. - Mirrors no longer cache the v1 directory as often. - If we as a directory mirror don't know of any v1 directory authorities, then don't try to cache any v1 directories. o Other directory improvements: - Add lefkada.eecs.harvard.edu and tor.dizum.com as fourth and fifth authoritative directory servers. - Directory authorities no longer require an open connection from a server to consider him "reachable". We need this change because when we add new directory authorities, old servers won't know not to hang up on them. - Dir authorities now do their own external reachability testing of each server, and only list as running the ones they found to be reachable. We also send back warnings to the server's logs if it uploads a descriptor that we already believe is unreachable. - Spread the directory authorities' reachability testing over the entire testing interval, so we don't try to do 500 TLS's at once every 20 minutes. - Make the "stable" router flag in network-status be the median of the uptimes of running valid servers, and make clients pay attention to the network-status flags. Thus the cutoff adapts to the stability of the network as a whole, making IRC, IM, etc connections more reliable. - Make the v2 dir's "Fast" flag based on relative capacity, just like "Stable" is based on median uptime. Name everything in the top 7/8 Fast, and only the top 1/2 gets to be a Guard. - Retry directory requests if we fail to get an answer we like from a given dirserver (we were retrying before, but only if we fail to connect). - Return a robots.txt on our dirport to discourage google indexing. o Controller protocol improvements: - Revised controller protocol (version 1) that uses ascii rather than binary: tor/doc/control-spec.txt. Add supporting libraries in python and java and c# so you can use the controller from your applications without caring how our protocol works. - Allow the DEBUG controller event to work again. Mark certain log entries as "don't tell this to controllers", so we avoid cycles. - New controller function "getinfo accounting", to ask how many bytes we've used in this time period. - Add a "resetconf" command so you can set config options like AllowUnverifiedNodes and LongLivedPorts to "". Also, if you give a config option in the torrc with no value, then it clears it entirely (rather than setting it to its default). - Add a "getinfo config-file" to tell us where torrc is. Also expose guard nodes, config options/names. - Add a "quit" command (when when using the controller manually). - Add a new signal "newnym" to "change pseudonyms" -- that is, to stop using any currently-dirty circuits for new streams, so we don't link new actions to old actions. This also occurs on HUP or "signal reload". - If we would close a stream early (e.g. it asks for a .exit that we know would refuse it) but the LeaveStreamsUnattached config option is set by the controller, then don't close it. - Add a new controller event type "authdir_newdescs" that allows controllers to get all server descriptors that were uploaded to a router in its role as directory authority. - New controller option "getinfo desc/all-recent" to fetch the latest server descriptor for every router that Tor knows about. - Fix the controller's "attachstream 0" command to treat conn like it just connected, doing address remapping, handling .exit and .onion idioms, and so on. Now we're more uniform in making sure that the controller hears about new and closing connections. - Permit transitioning from ORPort==0 to ORPort!=0, and back, from the controller. Also, rotate dns and cpu workers if the controller changes options that will affect them; and initialize the dns worker cache tree whether or not we start out as a server. - Add a new circuit purpose 'controller' to let the controller ask for a circuit that Tor won't try to use. Extend the "extendcircuit" controller command to let you specify the purpose if you're starting a new circuit. Add a new "setcircuitpurpose" controller command to let you change a circuit's purpose after it's been created. - Let the controller ask for "getinfo dir/server/foo" so it can ask directly rather than connecting to the dir port. "getinfo dir/status/foo" also works, but currently only if your DirPort is enabled. - Let the controller tell us about certain router descriptors that it doesn't want Tor to use in circuits. Implement "setrouterpurpose" and modify "+postdescriptor" to do this. - If the controller's *setconf commands fail, collect an error message in a string and hand it back to the controller -- don't just tell them to go read their logs. o Scalability, resource management, and performance: - Fix a major load balance bug: we were round-robin reading in 16 KB chunks, and servers with bandwidthrate of 20 KB, while downloading a 600 KB directory, would starve their other connections. Now we try to be a bit more fair. - Be more conservative about whether to advertise our DirPort. The main change is to not advertise if we're running at capacity and either a) we could hibernate ever or b) our capacity is low and we're using a default DirPort. - We weren't cannibalizing circuits correctly for CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_C_ESTABLISH_REND and CIRCUIT_PURPOSE_S_ESTABLISH_INTRO, so we were being forced to build those from scratch. This should make hidden services faster. - Predict required circuits better, with an eye toward making hidden services faster on the service end. - Compress exit policies even more: look for duplicate lines and remove them. - Generate 18.0.0.0/8 address policy format in descs when we can; warn when the mask is not reducible to a bit-prefix. - There used to be two ways to specify your listening ports in a server descriptor: on the "router" line and with a separate "ports" line. Remove support for the "ports" line. - Reduce memory requirements in our structs by changing the order of fields. Replace balanced trees with hash tables. Inline bottleneck smartlist functions. Add a "Map from digest to void*" abstraction so we can do less hex encoding/decoding, and use it in router_get_by_digest(). Many other CPU and memory improvements. - Allow tor_gzip_uncompress to extract as much as possible from truncated compressed data. Try to extract as many descriptors as possible from truncated http responses (when purpose is DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_ROUTERDESC). - Make circ->onionskin a pointer, not a static array. moria2 was using 125000 circuit_t's after it had been up for a few weeks, which translates to 20+ megs of wasted space. - The private half of our EDH handshake keys are now chosen out of 320 bits, not 1024 bits. (Suggested by Ian Goldberg.) - Stop doing the complex voodoo overkill checking for insecure Diffie-Hellman keys. Just check if it's in [2,p-2] and be happy. - Do round-robin writes for TLS of at most 16 kB per write. This might be more fair on loaded Tor servers. - Do not use unaligned memory access on alpha, mips, or mipsel. It *works*, but is very slow, so we treat them as if it doesn't. o Other bugfixes and improvements: - Start storing useful information to $DATADIR/state, so we can remember things across invocations of Tor. Retain unrecognized lines so we can be forward-compatible, and write a TorVersion line so we can be backward-compatible. - If ORPort is set, Address is not explicitly set, and our hostname resolves to a private IP address, try to use an interface address if it has a public address. Now Windows machines that think of themselves as localhost can guess their address. - Regenerate our local descriptor if it's dirty and we try to use it locally (e.g. if it changes during reachability detection). This was causing some Tor servers to keep publishing the same initial descriptor forever. - Tor servers with dynamic IP addresses were needing to wait 18 hours before they could start doing reachability testing using the new IP address and ports. This is because they were using the internal descriptor to learn what to test, yet they were only rebuilding the descriptor once they decided they were reachable. - It turns out we couldn't bootstrap a network since we added reachability detection in 0.1.0.1-rc. Good thing the Tor network has never gone down. Add an AssumeReachable config option to let servers and authorities bootstrap. When we're trying to build a high-uptime or high-bandwidth circuit but there aren't enough suitable servers, try being less picky rather than simply failing. - Newly bootstrapped Tor networks couldn't establish hidden service circuits until they had nodes with high uptime. Be more tolerant. - Really busy servers were keeping enough circuits open on stable connections that they were wrapping around the circuit_id space. (It's only two bytes.) This exposed a bug where we would feel free to reuse a circuit_id even if it still exists but has been marked for close. Try to fix this bug. Some bug remains. - When we fail to bind or listen on an incoming or outgoing socket, we now close it before refusing, rather than just leaking it. (Thanks to Peter Palfrader for finding.) - Fix a file descriptor leak in start_daemon(). - On Windows, you can't always reopen a port right after you've closed it. So change retry_listeners() to only close and re-open ports that have changed. - Workaround a problem with some http proxies that refuse GET requests that specify "Content-Length: 0". Reported by Adrian. - Recover better from TCP connections to Tor servers that are broken but don't tell you (it happens!); and rotate TLS connections once a week. - Fix a scary-looking but apparently harmless bug where circuits would sometimes start out in state CIRCUIT_STATE_OR_WAIT at servers, and never switch to state CIRCUIT_STATE_OPEN. - Check for even more Windows version flags when writing the platform string in server descriptors, and note any we don't recognize. - Add reasons to DESTROY and RELAY_TRUNCATED cells, so clients can get a better idea of why their circuits failed. Not used yet. - Add TTLs to RESOLVED, CONNECTED, and END_REASON_EXITPOLICY cells. We don't use them yet, but maybe one day our DNS resolver will be able to discover them. - Let people type "tor --install" as well as "tor -install" when they want to make it an NT service. - Looks like we were never delivering deflated (i.e. compressed) running-routers lists, even when asked. Oops. - We were leaking some memory every time the client changed IPs. - Clean up more of the OpenSSL memory when exiting, so we can detect memory leaks better. - Never call free() on tor_malloc()d memory. This will help us use dmalloc to detect memory leaks. - Some Tor servers process billions of cells per day. These statistics are now uint64_t's. - Check [X-]Forwarded-For headers in HTTP requests when generating log messages. This lets people run dirservers (and caches) behind Apache but still know which IP addresses are causing warnings. - Fix minor integer overflow in calculating when we expect to use up our bandwidth allocation before hibernating. - Lower the minimum required number of file descriptors to 1000, so we can have some overhead for Valgrind on Linux, where the default ulimit -n is 1024. - Stop writing the "router.desc" file, ever. Nothing uses it anymore, and its existence is confusing some users. o Config option fixes: - Add a new config option ExitPolicyRejectPrivate which defaults to on. Now all exit policies will begin with rejecting private addresses, unless the server operator explicitly turns it off. - Bump the default bandwidthrate to 3 MB, and burst to 6 MB. - Add new ReachableORAddresses and ReachableDirAddresses options that understand address policies. FascistFirewall is now a synonym for "ReachableORAddresses *:443", "ReachableDirAddresses *:80". - Start calling it FooListenAddress rather than FooBindAddress, since few of our users know what it means to bind an address or port. - If the user gave Tor an odd number of command-line arguments, we were silently ignoring the last one. Now we complain and fail. This wins the oldest-bug prize -- this bug has been present since November 2002, as released in Tor 0.0.0. - If you write "HiddenServicePort 6667 127.0.0.1 6668" in your torrc rather than "HiddenServicePort 6667 127.0.0.1:6668", it would silently ignore the 6668. - If we get a linelist or linelist_s config option from the torrc, e.g. ExitPolicy, and it has no value, warn and skip rather than silently resetting it to its default. - Setconf was appending items to linelists, not clearing them. - Add MyFamily to torrc.sample in the server section, so operators will be more likely to learn that it exists. - Make ContactInfo mandatory for authoritative directory servers. - MaxConn has been obsolete for a while now. Document the ConnLimit config option, which is a *minimum* number of file descriptors that must be available else Tor refuses to start. - Get rid of IgnoreVersion undocumented config option, and make us only warn, never exit, when we're running an obsolete version. - Make MonthlyAccountingStart config option truly obsolete now. - Correct the man page entry on TrackHostExitsExpire. - Let directory authorities start even if they don't specify an Address config option. - Change "AllowUnverifiedNodes" to "AllowInvalidNodes", to reflect the updated flags in our v2 dir protocol. o Config option features: - Add a new config option FastFirstHopPK (on by default) so clients do a trivial crypto handshake for their first hop, since TLS has already taken care of confidentiality and authentication. - Let the user set ControlListenAddress in the torrc. This can be dangerous, but there are some cases (like a secured LAN) where it makes sense. - New config options to help controllers: FetchServerDescriptors and FetchHidServDescriptors for whether to fetch server info and hidserv info or let the controller do it, and PublishServerDescriptor and PublishHidServDescriptors. - Also let the controller set the __AllDirActionsPrivate config option if you want all directory fetches/publishes to happen via Tor (it assumes your controller bootstraps your circuits). - Add "HardwareAccel" config option: support for crypto hardware accelerators via OpenSSL. Off by default, until we find somebody smart who can test it for us. (It appears to produce seg faults in at least some cases.) - New config option "AuthDirRejectUnlisted" for directory authorities as a panic button: if we get flooded with unusable servers we can revert to only listing servers in the approved-routers file. - Directory authorities can now reject/invalidate by key and IP, with the config options "AuthDirInvalid" and "AuthDirReject", or by marking a fingerprint as "!reject" or "!invalid" (as its nickname) in the approved-routers file. This is useful since currently we automatically list servers as running and usable even if we know they're jerks. - Add a new config option TestSocks so people can see whether their applications are using socks4, socks4a, socks5-with-ip, or socks5-with-fqdn. This way they don't have to keep mucking with tcpdump and wondering if something got cached somewhere. - Add "private:*" as an alias in configuration for policies. Now you can simplify your exit policy rather than needing to list every single internal or nonroutable network space. - Accept "private:*" in routerdesc exit policies; not generated yet because older Tors do not understand it. - Add configuration option "V1AuthoritativeDirectory 1" which moria1, moria2, and tor26 have set. - Implement an option, VirtualAddrMask, to set which addresses get handed out in response to mapaddress requests. This works around a bug in tsocks where 127.0.0.0/8 is never socksified. - Add a new config option FetchUselessDescriptors, off by default, for when you plan to run "exitlist" on your client and you want to know about even the non-running descriptors. - SocksTimeout: How long do we let a socks connection wait unattached before we fail it? - CircuitBuildTimeout: Cull non-open circuits that were born at least this many seconds ago. - CircuitIdleTimeout: Cull open clean circuits that were born at least this many seconds ago. - New config option SafeSocks to reject all application connections using unsafe socks protocols. Defaults to off. o Improved and clearer log messages: - Reduce clutter in server logs. We're going to try to make them actually usable now. New config option ProtocolWarnings that lets you hear about how _other Tors_ are breaking the protocol. Off by default. - Divide log messages into logging domains. Once we put some sort of interface on this, it will let people looking at more verbose log levels specify the topics they want to hear more about. - Log server fingerprint on startup, so new server operators don't have to go hunting around their filesystem for it. - Provide dire warnings to any users who set DirServer manually; move it out of torrc.sample and into torrc.complete. - Make the log message less scary when all the dirservers are temporarily unreachable. - When tor_socketpair() fails in Windows, give a reasonable Windows-style errno back. - Improve tor_gettimeofday() granularity on windows. - We were printing the number of idle dns workers incorrectly when culling them. - Handle duplicate lines in approved-routers files without warning. - We were whining about using socks4 or socks5-with-local-lookup even when it's an IP address in the "virtual" range we designed exactly for this case. - Check for named servers when looking them up by nickname; warn when we're calling a non-named server by its nickname; don't warn twice about the same name. - Downgrade the dirserver log messages when whining about unreachability. - Correct "your server is reachable" log entries to indicate that it was self-testing that told us so. - If we're trying to be a Tor server and running Windows 95/98/ME as a server, explain that we'll likely crash. - Provide a more useful warn message when our onion queue gets full: the CPU is too slow or the exit policy is too liberal. - Don't warn when we receive a 503 from a dirserver/cache -- this will pave the way for them being able to refuse if they're busy. - When we fail to bind a listener, try to provide a more useful log message: e.g., "Is Tor already running?" - Only start testing reachability once we've established a circuit. This will make startup on dir authorities less noisy. - Don't try to upload hidden service descriptors until we have established a circuit. - Tor didn't warn when it failed to open a log file. - Warn when listening on a public address for socks. We suspect a lot of people are setting themselves up as open socks proxies, and they have no idea that jerks on the Internet are using them, since they simply proxy the traffic into the Tor network. - Give a useful message when people run Tor as the wrong user, rather than telling them to start chowning random directories. - Fix a harmless bug that was causing Tor servers to log "Got an end because of misc error, but we're not an AP. Closing." - Fix wrong log message when you add a "HiddenServiceNodes" config line without any HiddenServiceDir line (reported by Chris Thomas). - Directory authorities now stop whining so loudly about bad descriptors that they fetch from other dirservers. So when there's a log complaint, it's for sure from a freshly uploaded descriptor. - When logging via syslog, include the pid whenever we provide a log entry. Suggested by Todd Fries. - When we're shutting down and we do something like try to post a server descriptor or rendezvous descriptor, don't complain that we seem to be unreachable. Of course we are, we're shutting down. - Change log line for unreachability to explicitly suggest /etc/hosts as the culprit. Also make it clearer what IP address and ports we're testing for reachability. - Put quotes around user-supplied strings when logging so users are more likely to realize if they add bad characters (like quotes) to the torrc. - NT service patch from Matt Edman to improve error messages on Win32. ----- End forwarded message ----- -- Eugen* Leitl <a href="http://leitl.org">leitl</a> http://leitl.org ______________________________________________________________ ICBM: 48.07100, 11.36820 http://www.ativel.com 8B29F6BE: 099D 78BA 2FD3 B014 B08A 7779 75B0 2443 8B29 F6BE [demime 1.01d removed an attachment of type application/pgp-signature which had a name of signature.asc]