To at least the answer of requiring witnesses to 'signature by mark', appears to require two actually. http://www.nationalnotary.org/1-800-USNOTARY/certif_ALL.html The specific law is dependent upon your state. At least in Texas for things like voting, buying cars or houses, legal documents such as adoption papers, etc. this is pretty standard stuff. This has something to do with 'The Hague Convention' and is apparently international in scope. Remember, IANAL. -- ____________________________________________________________________ He is able who thinks he is able. Buddha The Armadillo Group ,::////;::-. James Choate Austin, Tx /:'///// ``::>/|/ ravage@ssz.com www.ssz.com .', |||| `/( e\ 512-451-7087 -====~~mm-'`-```-mm --'- --------------------------------------------------------------------